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% !"0-# $!%"&#,)1.2/        -*/,PP ` ̙33` ` ff3333f` 333MMM` f` f` 3>?" dd@,|?" dd@   " @ ` n?" dd@   @@``PR    @ ` ` p>>K0 rj  (    05-"h 2Reciprocating Compressor: Ideal Indicator Diagram 43(21d  C .ALogo (med)"w f   0({"wg  pGCNS offers distance learning courses for the Engineering Council Graduate Diploma examinations. www.gcns.ac.uk <q 2a   U 0aoH  0޽h ? ̙33 Default Design$K0 ##Gl`"( w lR l s *  hL    l# [b "N    l   B l TD P `2 l 0 @P `2 l 0  `B l 0D P `B  l 0DP P N     l   B  l TDP  `2  lB 0` P `2  lB 0  `B l 0DP  `B lB 0DPP  hL p l# C  N  P  l  p`2 l 0 P `2 l 0 @P B l TD `B l 0D `B l 0DP P N  P  l p `2 l 0 P `2 l 0 @P B l TD `B l 0D `B l 0DP P *F  >  l   0 r l B2 @ > Z2 l s *  RB  l s *Do  RB !l s *Do XB Zl 0Do   ul 0|- ]  B1  2 polytropic compression (2 delivery valve opens) 2  3 delivery at constant pressure and temperature (3 delivery valve closes) 3  4 polytropic expansion (4 suction valve opens) 4  1 suction at constant pressure and temperature (1 suction valve closes)(" 23,  x2 l B̙o?" e x2 l Bo?"  x2 l@ Bo?"2 l@  B `ENGI Qo? ` ` ``T` ` ``T `T ``T `T"RB l s *Do  RB l s *DoRB l@ s *Do; DL  E  l#  J ZB l s *Do E ZB lB s *Do 6 L  E  l# L5ZB l s *Do E ZB lB s *Do 6 ~B l HDg ?"  ~B l HDg ?"^B l 6D] ^B l 6D   l 0L-/: Ep( 2  l 0-s G  EV( 2  l 0X- @  A1$ 2  X2 l 0 @  l 0|-6  A2$ 2  X2 l 0$  l 0\- A3$ 2  X2 l 0 l 0 W  54 2 X2 l 0 E dB l <DD3| } a2 l BPCNENG_HFJNQ3 `Tf P5`Tf P5N P5Nf 8 LB l c $D2 l BPCMENGHFJMQ K`T Pc5K`T Pc5M Pc5Mc6 LB l c $D8 t" 8 dB l <  p   r p B2 @ > Z2 p s *  RB  p s *Do  RB !p s *Do XB Wp 0Do   qp 0O ]  B1  2 polytropic compression (2 delivery valve opens) 2  3 delivery at constant pressure and temperature (3 delivery valve closes) 3  4 polytropic expansion (4 suction valve opens) 4  1 suction at constant pressure and temperature (1 suction valve closes)(" 23,  x2 p B̙o?" e x2 p Bo?"  x2 p@ Bo?"2 p@  B `ENGI Qo? ` ` ``T` ` ``T `T ``T `T"RB p s *Do  RB p s *DoRB p@ s *Do; DL  E  p#  J ZB p s *Do E ZB pB s *Do 6 L  E  p# L5ZB p s *Do E ZB pB s *Do 6 ~B p HDg ?"  ~B p HDg ?"^B p 6D] ^B p 6D   p 0/: Ep( 2  p 0(s G  EV( 2  p 0č @  A1$ 2  X2 p 0 @  p 06  A2$ 2  X2 p 0$  p 0 A3$ 2  X2 p 0 p 0 W  54 2 X2 p 0 E dB p <DD3| } a2 p BPCNENG_HFJNQ3 `Tf P5`Tf P5N P5Nf 8 LB p c $D2 p BPCMENGHFJMQ K`T Pc5K`T Pc5M Pc5Mc6 LB p c $D8 t" 8 dB p <  t  r t B2 @ > Z2 t s *  RB  t s *Do  RB !t s *Do XB Wt 0Do   qt 0P ]  B1  2 polytropic compression (2 delivery valve opens) 2  3 delivery at constant pressure and temperature (3 delivery valve closes) 3  4 polytropic expansion (4 suction valve opens) 4  1 suction at constant pressure and temperature (1 suction valve closes)(" 23,  x2 t B̙o?" e x2 t Bo?"  x2 t@ Bo?"2 t@  B `ENGI Qo? ` ` ``T` ` ``T `T ``T `T"RB t s *Do  RB t s *DoRB t@ s *Do; DL  E  t#  J ZB t s *Do E ZB tB s *Do 6 L  E  t# L5ZB t s *Do E ZB tB s *Do 6 ~B t HDg ?"  ~B t HDg ?"^B t 6D] ^B t 6D   t 0`/: Ep( 2  t 0$s G  EV( 2  t 0d @  A1$ 2  X2 t 0 @  t 06  A2$ 2  X2 t 0$  t 0 A3$ 2  X2 t 0 t 0 W  54 2 X2 t 0 E dB t <DD3| } a2 t BPCNENG_HFJNQ3 `Tf P5`Tf P5N P5Nf 8 LB t c $D2 t BPCMENGHFJMQ K`T Pc5K`T Pc5M Pc5Mc6 LB t c $D8 t" 8 dB t <  x  A a r x B2 @ > Z2 x s *  RB  x s *Do  RB !x s *Do XB Wx 0Do   qx 0Z ]  B1  2 polytropic compression (2 delivery valve opens) 2  3 delivery at constant pressure and temperature (3 delivery valve closes) 3  4 polytropic expansion (4 suction valve opens) 4  1 suction at constant pressure and temperature (1 suction valve closes)(" 23,  x2 x B̙o?" e x2 x Bo?"  x2 x@ Bo?"2 x@  B `ENGI Qo? ` ` ``T` ` ``T `T ``T `T"RB x s *Do  RB x s *DoRB x@ s *Do; DL  E  x#  J ZB x s *Do E ZB xB s *Do 6 L  E  x# L5ZB x s *Do E ZB xB s *Do 6 ~B x HDg ?"  ~B x HDg ?"^B x 6D] ^B x 6D   x 0g/: Ep( 2  x 0ls G  EV( 2  x 0p @  A1$ 2  X2 x 0 @  x 0u6  A2$ 2  X2 x 0$  x 0z A3$ 2  X2 x 0 x 0p W  54 2 X2 x 0 E dB x <DD3| } a2 x BPCNENG_HFJNQ3 `Tf P5`Tf P5N P5Nf 8 LB x c $D2 x BPCMENGHFJMQ K`T Pc5K`T Pc5M Pc5Mc6 LB x c $D8 t" 8 dB x <  !|  r "| B2 @ > Z2 #| s *  XB W| 0Do   q| 0 ]  B1  2 polytropic compression (2 delivery valve opens) 2  3 delivery at constant pressure and temperature (3 delivery valve closes) 3  4 polytropic expansion (4 suction valve opens) 4  1 suction at constant pressure and temperature (1 suction valve closes)(" 23,  x2 | B̙o?" e x2 | Bo?"  x2 |@ Bo?"2 |@  B `ENGI Qo? ` ` ``T` ` ``T `T ``T `T"RB | s *Do  RB | s *DoRB |@ s *Do; DL  E  |#  J ZB | s *Do E ZB |B s *Do 6 L  E  |# L5ZB | s *Do E ZB |B s *Do 6 ~B | HDg ?"  ~B | HDg ?"^B | 6D] ^B | 6D   | 0Ч/: Ep( 2  | 0xs G  EV( 2  | 0@ @  A1$ 2  X2 | 0 @  | 0`D6  A2$ 2  X2 | 0$  | 0G A3$ 2  X2 | 0 | 00L W  54 2 X2 | 0 E dB | <DD3| } a2 | BPCNENG_HFJNQ3 `Tf P5`Tf P5N P5Nf 8 LB | c $D2 | BPCMENGHFJMQ K`T Pc5K`T Pc5M Pc5Mc6 LB | c $D8 t" 8 dB | <  !  3 S r " B2 @ > Z2 # s *  XB W 0Do   q 0] ]  B1  2 polytropic compression (2 delivery valve opens) 2  3 delivery at constant pressure and temperature (3 delivery valve closes) 3  4 polytropic expansion (4 suction valve opens) 4  1 suction at constant pressure and temperature (1 suction valve closes)(" 23,   u 0pfs G  EV( 2 x2  B̙o?" e x2  Bo?"  x2 @ Bo?"2 @  B `ENGI Qo? ` ` ``T` ` ``T `T ``T `T"RB  s *Do  RB  s *DoRB @ s *Do; DL  E  #  J ZB  s *Do E ZB B s *Do 6 L  E  # L5ZB  s *Do E ZB B s *Do 6 ~B  HDg ?"  ~B  HDg ?"^B  6D] ^B  6D    0lo/: Ep( 2   00ts G  EV( 2   0px @  A1$ 2  X2  0 @   0<}6  A2$ 2  X2  0$   0 A3$ 2  X2  0  0䆳 W  54 2 X2  0 E dB  <DD3| } a2  BPCNENG_HFJNQ3 `Tf P5`Tf P5N P5Nf 8 LB  c $D2  BPCMENGHFJMQ K`T Pc5K`T Pc5M Pc5Mc6 LB  c $D8 t" 8 dB  <  !   r " B2 @ > Z2 # s *  XB W 0Do  6 q 0³ ]  B1  2 polytropic compression (2 delivery valve opens) 2  3 delivery at constant pressure and temperature (3 delivery valve closes) 3  4 polytropic expansion (4 suction valve opens) 4  1 suction at constant pressure and temperature (1 suction valve closes)D" 233,  x2  B̙o?" e x2  Bo?"  x2 @ Bo?"2 @  B `ENGI Qo? ` ` ``T` ` ``T `T ``T `T"RB  s *Do  RB  s *DoRB @ s *Do; DL  E  #  J ZB  s *Do E ZB B s *Do 6 L  E  # L5ZB  s *Do E ZB B s *Do 6 ~B  HDg ?"  ~B  HDg ?"^B  6D] ^B  6D    0ѳ/: Ep( 2   0lֳs G  EV( 2   0ڳ @  A1$ 2  X2  0 @   0x߳6  A2$ 2  X2  0$   0T A3$ 2  X2  0  0  W  54 2 X2  0 E dB  <DD3| } a2  BPCNENG_HFJNQ3 `Tf P5`Tf P5N P5Nf 8 LB  c $D2  BPCMENGHFJMQ K`T Pc5K`T Pc5M Pc5Mc6 LB  c $D8 t" 8 dB  <     r   B2 @ > Z2 ! s *  RB " s *Do  & # 0 ]  B1  2 polytropic compression (2 delivery valve opens) 2  3 delivery at constant pressure and temperature (3 delivery valve closes) 3  4 polytropic expansion (4 suction valve opens) 4  1 suction at constant pressure and temperature (1 suction valve closes)4" 2"N3,  x2 % B̙o?" e x2 & Bo?"  x2 '@ Bo?"2 (@  B `ENGI Qo? ` ` ``T` ` ``T `T ``T `T"RB ) s *Do  RB * s *DoRB +@ s *Do; DL  E  ,#  J ZB - s *Do E ZB .B s *Do 6 L  E  /# L5ZB 0 s *Do E ZB 1B s *Do 6 ~B 2 HDg ?"  ~B 3 HDg ?"^B 4 6D] ^B 5 6D   6 0/: Ep( 2  7 0hs G  EV( 2  8 0 @  A1$ 2  X2 9 0 @  : 0t6  A2$ 2  X2 ; 0$  < 0P# A3$ 2  X2 = 0 > 0( W  54 2 X2 ? 0 E dB @ <DD| } a2 A BPCNENG_HFJNQ `Tf P5`Tf P5N P5Nf 8 LB B c $D32 C BPCMENGHFJMQ K`T Pc5K`T Pc5M Pc5Mc6 LB D c $D8 t" 8 dB E <  !   r " B2 @ > Z2 # s *  XB W 0Do  & q 0 ]  B1  2 polytropic compression (2 delivery valve opens) 2  3 delivery at constant pressure and temperature (3 delivery valve closes) 3  4 polytropic expansion (4 suction valve opens) 4  1 suction at constant pressure and temperature (1 suction valve closes)4" 2;53,  x2 t@ Bo?"2 u@  B `ENGI Qo? ` ` ``T` ` ``T `T ``T `T"RB w s *DoRB x@ s *Do; DL  E  |# L5ZB } s *Do E ZB ~B s *Do 6 ~B  HDg ?"^B  6D] ^B  6D    0/: Ep( 2   0ps G  EV( 2   00 @  A1$ 2  X2  0 @   0@6  A2$ 2  X2  0$   0إ A3$ 2  X2  0  0 W  54 2 X2  0 E dB  <DD| } a2  BPCNENG_HFJNQ `Tf P5`Tf P5N P5Nf 8 LB  c $D32  BPCMENGHFJMQ K`T Pc5K`T Pc5M Pc5Mc6 LB  c $D8 t" 8 dB  <  !  w r " B2 @ > Z2 # s *  XB W 0Do  x2 s@ Bo?"2 t@  B `ENGI Qo? ` ` ``T` ` ``T `T ``T `T"RB v s *DoRB w@ s *Do; DL  E  {# L5ZB | s *Do E ZB }B s *Do 6 ~B  HDg ?"^B  6D] ^B  6D    0/: Ep( 2   0Ds G  EV( 2   0 @  A1$ 2  X2  0 @   0P6  A2$ 2  X2  0$   0, A3$ 2  X2  0  0 W  54 2 X2  0 E dB  <DD| } a42  # xBPCNENG_HFJNQ `Tf P5`Tf P5N P5Nf 8  , LB  c $D32  BPCMENGHFJMQ K`T Pc5K`T Pc5M Pc5Mc6 LB  c $D8 t" 8 dB  <  !  " r " B2 @ > Z2 # s *  XB W 0Do  & q 0Dp ]  B1  2 polytropic compression (2 delivery valve opens) 2  3 delivery at constant pressure and temperature (3 delivery valve closes) 3  4 polytropic expansion (4 suction valve opens) 4  1 suction at constant pressure and temperature (1 suction valve closes)4" 2;53,  x2 t@ Bo?"2 u@  B `ENGI Qo? ` ` ``T` ` ``T `T ``T `T"RB w s *DoRB x@ s *Do; DL  E  |# L5ZB } s *Do E ZB ~B s *Do 6 ~B  HDg ?"^B  6D] ^B  6D    0{/: Ep( 2   0s G  EV( 2   0 @  A1$ 2  X2  0 @   0̉6  A2$ 2  X2  0$   0|P A3$ 2  X2  0  0 W  54 2 X2  0 E dB  <DD| } a2  BPCNENG_HFJNQ `Tf P5`Tf P5N P5Nf 8 LB  c $D32  BPCMENGHFJMQ K`T Pc5K`T Pc5M Pc5Mc6 LB  c $D8 t" 8 dB  <  !  r " B2 @ > Z2 # s *  XB W 0Do  & q 0 ]  B1  2 polytropic compression (2 delivery valve opens) 2  3 delivery at constant pressure and temperature (3 delivery valve closes) 3  4 polytropic expansion (4 suction valve opens) 4  1 suction at constant pressure and temperature (1 suction valve closes)4" 2;53,  x2 t@ Bo?"2 u@  B `ENGI Qo? ` ` ``T` ` ``T `T ``T `T"RB w s *DoRB x@ s *Do; DL  E  |# L5ZB } s *Do E ZB ~B s *Do 6 ~B  HDg ?"^B  6D] ^B  6D    0T%/: Ep( 2   0*s G  EV( 2   0X. @  A1$ 2  X2  0 @   0+6  A2$ 2  X2  0$   0 A3$ 2  X2  0  0! W  54 2 X2  0 E dB  <DD| } a2  BPCNENG_HFJNQ `Tf P5`Tf P5N P5Nf 8 LB  c $D32  BPCMENGHFJMQ K`T Pc5K`T Pc5M Pc5Mc6 LB  c $D8 t" 8 dB  <!Aen (  R 9 s *̙̙ RB  s *Do  RB  s *Do hL    # \ N       B  TD P `2   0 @P `2   0  `B  0D P `B   0DP P N        B  TDP  `2 B 0` P `2 B 0  `B  0DP  `B B 0DPP  L  P  #  4D `2  0 P `2  0 @P B  TD `B  0D `B  0DP P 8F  >      B2 @"  > Z2  s *  RB  s *Do  & : 0 ]  B1  2 polytropic compression (2 delivery valve opens) 2  3 delivery at constant pressure and temperature (3 delivery valve closes) 3  4 polytropic expansion (4 suction valve opens) 4  1 suction at constant pressure and temperature (1 suction valve closes)4" 2;T3,  x2 =@ Bo?"2 >@  B `ENGI Qo? ` ` ``T` ` ``T `T ``T `T"RB @ s *DoRB A@ s *Do; DL  E  E# L5ZB F s *Do E ZB GB s *Do 6 ~B I HDg ?"^B J 6D] ^B K 6D   L 0/: Ep( 2  M 0s G  EV( 2  N 0 @  A1$ 2  X2 O 0 @  P 06  A2$ 2  X2 Q 0$  R 0 A3$ 2  X2 S 0 T 0  W  54 2 X2 U 0 E dB V <DD| } a2 W BPCNENG_HFJNQ `Tf P5`Tf P5N P5Nf 8 LB X c $D32 Y BPCMENGHFJMQ K`T Pc5K`T Pc5M Pc5Mc6 LB Z c $D8 t" 8 dB [ <WY^_ ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +!K0   @G(  R  s *̙̙ RB  s *Do  RB  s *Do hL    # \ N       B  TD P `2  0 @P `2   0  `B  0D P `B   0DP P N        B  TDP  `2 B 0` P `2 B 0  `B  0DP  `B B 0DPP  L  P  #  4D `2  0 P `2  0 @P B  TD `B  0D `B  0DP P 8F  >      B2 @"  > Z2  s *  RB  s *Do  &  0(G ]  B1  2 polytropic compression (2 delivery valve opens) 2  3 delivery at constant pressure and temperature (3 delivery valve closes) 3  4 polytropic expansion (4 suction valve opens) 4  1 suction at constant pressure and temperature (1 suction valve closes)4" 2p:3x,  x2 @ Bo?"2 @  B `ENGI Qo? ` ` ``T` ` ``T `T ``T `T"RB  s *DoRB  @ s *Do; DL  E  !# L5ZB " s *Do E ZB #B s *Do 6 ~B $ HDg ?"^B % 6D] ^B & 6D   ' 0R/: Ep( 2  ( 0Ws G  EV( 2  ) 0[ @  A1$ 2  X2 * 0 @  + 0`6  A2$ 2  X2 , 0$  - 0, A3$ 2  X2 . 0 / 0 W  54 2 X2 0 0 E dB 1 <DD| } a2 2 BPCNENG_HFJNQ `Tf P5`Tf P5N P5Nf 8 LB 3 c $D2 4 BPCMENGHFJMQ3 K`T Pc5K`T Pc5M Pc5Mc6 LB 5 c $D8 t" 8 dB 6 <        B2 @"  > Z2   s *  XB W 0Do  & q 0| ]  B1  2 polytropic compression (2 delivery valve opens) 2  3 delivery at constant pressure and temperature (3 delivery valve closes) 3  4 polytropic expansion (4 suction valve opens) 4  1 suction at constant pressure and temperature (1 suction valve closes)4" 23x,  x2 r B̙o?" e x2 s Bo?"  x2 t @ Bo?"2 u @  B `ENGI Qo? ` ` ``T` ` ``T `T ``T `T"RB v s *Do  RB w s *DoRB x @ s *Do; DL  E  y #  J ZB z  s *Do E ZB { B s *Do 6 L  E  | # L5ZB }  s *Do E ZB ~ B s *Do 6 ~B  HDg ?"  ~B  HDg ?"^B  6D] ^B  6D    0/: Ep( 2   0܎s G  EV( 2   0 @  A1$ 2  X2  0 @   0藱6  A2$ 2  X2  0$   0Ĝ A3$ 2  X2  0  0 W  54 2 X2  0 E dB  <DD| } a2  BPCNENG_HFJNQ `Tf P5`Tf P5N P5Nf 8 LB  c $D2  BPCMENGHFJMQ3 K`T Pc5K`T Pc5M Pc5Mc6 LB  c $D8 t" 8 dB  <  6    7 B2 @"  > Z2 8 s *  XB q 0Do  &  0 ]  B1  2 polytropic compression (2 delivery valve opens) 2  3 delivery at constant pressure and temperature (3 delivery valve closes) 3  4 polytropic expansion (4 suction valve opens) 4  1 suction at constant pressure and temperature (1 suction valve closes)4" 23x,  x2  B̙o?" e x2  Bo?"  x2 @ Bo?"2 @  B `ENGI Qo? ` ` ``T` ` ``T `T ``T `T"RB  s *Do  RB  s *DoRB @ s *Do; DL  E  #  J ZB  s *Do E ZB B s *Do 6 L  E  # L5ZB  s *Do E ZB B s *Do 6 ~B  HDg ?"  ~B  HDg ?"^B  6D] ^B  6D    0ñ/: Ep( 2   0Ʊs G  EV( 2   0˱ @  A1$ 2  X2  0 @   0,W6  A2$ 2  X2  0$   0(\ A3$ 2  X2  0  08Z W  54 2 X2  0 E dB  <DD| } a42  # BPCNENG_HFJNQ `Tf P5`Tf P5N P5Nf 8  , LB  c $D2  BPCMENGHFJMQ3 K`T Pc5K`T Pc5M Pc5Mc6 LB  c $D8 t" 8 dB  <    w   B2 @"  > Z2  s *  XB W 0Do  & q 0h ]  B1  2 polytropic compression (2 delivery valve opens) 2  3 delivery at constant pressure and temperature (3 delivery valve closes) 3  4 polytropic expansion (4 suction valve opens) 4  1 suction at constant pressure and temperature (1 suction valve closes)4" 283[,  x2 r B̙o?" e x2 s Bo?"  x2 t@ Bo?"2 u@  B `ENGI Qo? ` ` ``T` ` ``T `T ``T `T"RB v s *Do  RB w s *DoRB x@ s *Do; DL  E  y#  J ZB z s *Do E ZB {B s *Do 6 L  E  |# L5ZB } s *Do E ZB ~B s *Do 6 ~B  HDg ?"  ~B  HDg ?"^B  6D] ^B  6D    0|$/: Ep( 2   0@)s G  EV( 2   0- @  A1$ 2  X2  0 @   0L26  A2$ 2  X2  0$   0(7 A3$ 2  X2  0  0; W  54 2 X2  0 E dB  <DD| } a2  BPCNENG_HFJNQ `Tf P5`Tf P5N P5Nf 8 LB  c $D2  BPCMENGHFJMQ3 K`T Pc5K`T Pc5M Pc5Mc6 LB  c $D8 t" 8 dB  <    w    B2 @"  > Z2 ! s *  RB " s *Do  & $ 0tD- ]  B1  2 polytropic compression (2 delivery valve opens) 2  3 delivery at constant pressure and temperature (3 delivery valve closes) 3  4 polytropic expansion (4 suction valve opens) 4  1 suction at constant pressure and temperature (1 suction valve closes)4" 2Z3,  x2 % B̙o?" e x2 & Bo?"  x2 '@ Bo?"2 (@  B `ENGI Qo? ` ` ``T` ` ``T `T ``T `T"RB ) s *Do  RB * s *DoRB +@ s *Do; DL  E  ,#  J ZB - s *Do E ZB .B s *Do 6 L  E  /# L5ZB 0 s *Do E ZB 1B s *Do 6 ~B 2 HDg ?"  ~B 3 HDg ?"^B 4 6D] ^B 5 6D   6 0TR-/: Ep( 2  7 0W-s G  EV( 2  8 0X[- @  A1$ 2  X2 9 0 @  : 0$`-6  A2$ 2  X2 ; 0$  < 0e- A3$ 2  X2 = 0 > 0i- W  54 2 X2 ? 0 E dB @ <DD| } a2 A BPCNENG_HFJNQ `Tf P5`Tf P5N P5Nf 8 LB B c $D2 C BPCMENGHFJMQ K`T Pc5K`T Pc5M Pc5Mc6 LB D c $D38 t" 8 dB E <       B2 @"  > Z2  s *  XB W 0Do  & q 0 ]  B1  2 polytropic compression (2 delivery valve opens) 2  3 delivery at constant pressure and temperature (3 delivery valve closes) 3  4 polytropic expansion (4 suction valve opens) 4  1 suction at constant pressure and temperature (1 suction valve closes)4" 2=3,  x2 r B̙o?" e x2 s Bo?"  RB v s *Do  RB x@ s *Do; DL  E  y#  J ZB z s *Do E ZB {B s *Do 6 ~B  HDg ?"  ^B  6D] ^B  6D    0/: Ep( 2   0s G  EV( 2   0 @  A1$ 2  X2  0 @   0(6  A2$ 2  X2  0$   0, A3$ 2  X2  0  0$e W  54 2 X2  0 E dB  <DD| } a2  BPCNENG_HFJNQ `Tf P5`Tf P5N P5Nf 8 LB  c $D2  BPCMENGHFJMQ K`T Pc5K`T Pc5M Pc5Mc6 LB  c $D38 t" 8 dB  <       B2 @"  > Z2  s *  XB W 0Do  * q 0 ]  B1  2 polytropic compression (2 delivery valve opens) 2  3 delivery at constant pressure and temperature (3 delivery valve closes) 3  4 polytropic expansion (4 suction valve opens) 4  1 suction at constant pressure and temperature (1 suction valve closes)8" 233,  x2 r B̙o?" e x2 s Bo?"  RB v s *Do  RB x@ s *Do; DL  E  y#  J ZB z s *Do E ZB {B s *Do 6 ~B  HDg ?"  ^B  6D] ^B  6D    0/: Ep( 2   0Ls G  EV( 2   0# @  A1$ 2  X2  0 @   0X(6  A2$ 2  X2  0$   0$! A3$ 2  X2  0  0쥥 W  54 2 X2  0 E dB  <DD| } a2  BPCNENG_HFJNQ `Tf P5`Tf P5N P5Nf 8 LB  c $D2  BPCMENGHFJMQ K`T Pc5K`T Pc5M Pc5Mc6 LB  c $D38 t" 8 dB  <  /   3 S  0  B2 @"  > Z2 1  s *  XB j 0Do  &  0ߥ ]  B1  2 polytropic compression (2 delivery valve opens) 2  3 delivery at constant pressure and temperature (3 delivery valve closes) 3  4 polytropic expansion (4 suction valve opens) 4  1 suction at constant pressure and temperature (1 suction valve closes)4" 2=3,  x2  B̙o?" e x2  Bo?"  RB  s *Do  RB  @ s *Do; DL  E   #  J ZB   s *Do E ZB  B s *Do 6 ~B  HDg ?"  ^B  6D] ^B  6D    0T/: Ep( 2   0Ys G  EV( 2   0x] @  A1$ 2  X2  0 @   0 b6  A2$ 2  X2  0$   0 A3$ 2  X2  0  0 W  54 2 X2  0 E dB  <DD| } a2  BPCNENG_HFJNQ `Tf P5`Tf P5N P5Nf 8 LB  c $D2  BPCMENGHFJMQ K`T Pc5K`T Pc5M Pc5Mc6 LB  c $D38 t" 8 dB  <  )$   *$ B2 @"  > Z2 +$ s *  XB d$ 0Do  & ~$ 0 ]  B1  2 polytropic compression (2 delivery valve opens) 2  3 delivery at constant pressure and temperature (3 delivery valve closes) 3  4 polytropic expansion (4 suction valve opens) 4  1 suction at constant pressure and temperature (1 suction valve closes)4" 2=3,  x2 $ B̙o?" e x2 $ Bo?"  RB $ s *Do  RB $@ s *Do; DL  E  $#  J ZB $ s *Do E ZB $B s *Do 6 ~B $ HDg ?"  ^B $ 6D] ^B $ 6D   $ 0)/: Ep( 2  $ 0)s G  EV( 2  $ 0p @  A1$ 2  X2 $ 0 @  $ 06  A2$ 2  X2 $ 0$  $ 0 A3$ 2  X2 $ 0 $ 0V W  54 2 X2 $ 0 E dB $ <DD| } a2 $ BPCNENG_HFJNQ `Tf P5`Tf P5N P5Nf 8 LB $ c $D2 $ BPCMENGHFJMQ K`T Pc5K`T Pc5M Pc5Mc6 LB $ c $D38 t" 8 dB $ <  )(  A a  *( B2 @"  > Z2 +( s *  XB d( 0Do  & ~( 0\ ]  B1  2 polytropic compression (2 delivery valve opens) 2  3 delivery at constant pressure and temperature (3 delivery valve closes) 3  4 polytropic expansion (4 suction valve opens) 4  1 suction at constant pressure and temperature (1 suction valve closes)4" 2=3,  x2 ( B̙o?" e x2 ( Bo?"  RB ( s *Do  RB (@ s *Do; DL  E  (#  J ZB ( s *Do E ZB (B s *Do 6 ~B ( HDg ?"  ^B ( 6D] ^B ( 6D   ( 0ha/: Ep( 2  ( 0( s G  EV( 2  ( 0 @  A1$ 2  X2 ( 0 @  ( 0@6  A2$ 2  X2 ( 0$  ( 0 A3$ 2  X2 ( 0 ( 04 W  54 2 X2 ( 0 E dB ( <DD| } a2 ( BPCNENG_HFJNQ `Tf P5`Tf P5N P5Nf 8 LB ( c $D2 ( BPCMENGHFJMQ K`T Pc5K`T Pc5M Pc5Mc6 LB ( c $D38 t" 8 dB ( < > H ( 0޽h ?o`(((((( ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +U%K0 d$\$`H,@t#(  ,X -, 0  XB ., 0Do  XB /, 0Do hL    ,# yR 2N    ,   B , TD P `2 , 0 @P `2 , 0  `B , 0D P `B , 0DP P N     ,   B  , TDP  `2  ,B 0` P `2  ,B 0  `B  , 0DP  `B ,B 0DPP  hL p ,#   H N  P  ,  p`2 , 0 P `2 , 0 @P B  , TD `B !, 0D `B ", 0DP P N  P  #, p `2 $, 0 P `2 %, 0 @P B &, TD `B ', 0D `B (, 0DP P 8F  >  ),   *, B2 @"  > Z2 +, s *  XB d, 0Do  & ~, 0 ]  B1  2 polytropic compression (2 delivery valve opens) 2  3 delivery at constant pressure and temperature (3 delivery valve closes) 3  4 polytropic expansion (4 suction valve opens) 4  1 suction at constant pressure and temperature (1 suction valve closes)4" 2=3,  x2 , B̙o?" e x2 , Bo?"  RB , s *Do  RB ,@ s *Do; DL  E  ,#  J ZB , s *Do E ZB ,B s *Do 6 ~B , HDg ?"  ^B , 6D] ^B , 6D   , 0/: Ep( 2  , 0s G  EV( 2  , 0 @  A1$ 2  X2 , 0 @  , 06  A2$ 2  X2 , 0$  , 0 A3$ 2  X2 , 0 , 0` W  54 2 X2 , 0 E dB , <DD| } a2 , BPCNENG_HFJNQ `Tf P5`Tf P5N P5Nf 8 LB , c $D2 , BPCMENGHFJMQ K`T Pc5K`T Pc5M Pc5Mc6 LB , c $D38 t" 8 dB , <  0    0 B2 @"  > Z2 0 s *  XB V0 0Do  & p0 0 ]  B1  2 polytropic compression (2 delivery valve opens) 2  3 delivery at constant pressure and temperature (3 delivery valve closes) 3  4 polytropic expansion (4 suction valve opens) 4  1 suction at constant pressure and temperature (1 suction valve closes)4" 2=3,  x2 q0 B̙o?" e x2 r0 Bo?"  RB u0 s *Do  RB w0@ s *Do; DL  E  x0#  J ZB y0 s *Do E ZB z0B s *Do 6 ~B ~0 HDg ?"  ^B 0 6D] ^B 0 6D   0 0/: Ep( 2  0 08s G  EV( 2  0 0@ @  A1$ 2  X2 0 0 @  0 0@76  A2$ 2  X2 0 0$  0 0`z A3$ 2  X2 0 0 0 0#_ W  54 2 X2 0 0 E dB 0 <DD| } a2 0 BPCNENG_HFJNQ `Tf P5`Tf P5N P5Nf 8 LB 0 c $D2 0 BPCMENGHFJMQ K`T Pc5K`T Pc5M Pc5Mc6 LB 0 c $D38 t" 8 dB 0 <  4   3  4 B2 @"  > Z2 4 s *  XB V4 0Do  & p4 00- ]  B1  2 polytropic compression (2 delivery valve opens) 2  3 delivery at constant pressure and temperature (3 delivery valve closes) 3  4 polytropic expansion (4 suction valve opens) 4  1 suction at constant pressure and temperature (1 suction valve closes)4" 2=3,  x2 q4 B̙o?" e x2 r4 Bo?"  RB u4 s *Do  RB w4@ s *Do; DL  E  x4#  J ZB y4 s *Do E ZB z4B s *Do 6 ~B ~4 HDg ?"  ^B 4 6D] ^B 4 6D   4 0-/: Ep( 2  4 0-s G  EV( 2  4 0- @  A1$ 2  X2 4 0 @  4 0-6  A2$ 2  X2 4 0$  4 0- A3$ 2  X2 4 0 4 0`- W  54 2 X2 4 0 E dB 4 <DD| } a2 4 BPCNENG_HFJNQ `Tf P5`Tf P5N P5Nf 8 LB 4 c $D2 4 BPCMENGHFJMQ K`T Pc5K`T Pc5M Pc5Mc6 LB 4 c $D38 t" 8 dB 4 <     > r  B2 @ > Z2  s *  RB  s *Do RB " s *Do  6 I 0,- ]  B1  2 polytropic compression (2 delivery valve opens) 2  3 delivery at constant pressure and temperature (3 delivery valve closes) 3  4 polytropic expansion (4 suction valve opens) 4  1 suction at constant pressure and temperature (1 suction valve closes)D" 2=33,  ~2 K H̙o?" e ~2 L Ho?"  XB O 0Do  XB Q@ 0Do; DL  E  R#  J ZB S s *Do E ZB TB s *Do 6 B X NDg ?"  ^B i 6D] ^B j 6D   k 0-/: Ep( 2  l 0as G  EV( 2  m 0b @  A1$ 2  X2 n 0 @  o 0 g6  A2$ 2  X2 p 0$  q 0j A3$ 2  X2 r 0 s 0Ho W  54 2 X2 t 0 E dB u <DD| } a2 v BPCNENG_HFJNQ `Tf P5`Tf P5N P5Nf 8 LB w c $D2 x BPCMENGHFJMQ K`T Pc5K`T Pc5M Pc5Mc6 LB y c $D38 t" 8 dB z <     > r  B2 @ > Z2  s *  RB  s *Do RB " s *Do   7 0@h 2Reciprocating Compressor: Ideal Indicator Diagram 43(21* 8 0 ]  B1  2 polytropic compression (2 delivery valve opens) 2  3 delivery at constant pressure and temperature (3 delivery valve closes) 3  4 polytropic expansion (4 suction valve opens) 4  1 suction at constant pressure and temperature (1 suction valve closes)8" 233,  ~2 ` H̙o?" e ~2 a Ho?"  ~2 d@ Ho?"2 e@  B `ENGI Qo? ` ` ``T` ` ``T `T ``T `T"XB ! 0Do  XB Q 0DoXB R@ 0Do; D$L  E  \#  J `B S 0Do E `B UB 0Do 6 L  E  ]# L5ZB ^ s *Do E ZB _B s *Do 6 B f NDg ?"  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