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̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +j yq@:pp`(  pR p s *  hL    p# jb "N    p   B p TD P `2 p 0 @P `2 p 0  `B p 0D P `B  p 0DP P N     p   B  p TDP  `2  pB 0` P `2  pB 0  `B p 0DP  `B pB 0DPP  hL p p# H  N  P  p  p`2 p 0 P `2 p 0 @P B p TD `B p 0D `B p 0DP P N  P  p p `2 p 0 P `2 p 0 @P B p TD `B p 0D `B p 0DP P *F  >  p   r p B2 @ > Z2 p s *  RB  p s *Do  RB !p s *Do RB "p s *Do XB Wp 0Do  dB Xp <D] dB Yp <D   Zp 6%3/: Ep( 2  [p 6)3s G  EV( 2  \p 6.3 "  A1$ 2  ^2 ]p 6 "  ^p 6D234 A2$ 2  ^2 _p 6@ `p 6@63WK A3$ 2  ^2 ap 6]K bp 6:3  1  54 2 ^2 cp 6  * RB ep@ s *D6    RB gp@ s *D hp  BC]DEXF(3  ]Ej1oQ?+qyl#0e@PW]@          ip  BC]DEXF(  ]Ej1oQ?+qyl#0e@PW]@        6 jB jp BZD   jB kp BZDjB lp B6b,D>jB mp BD3 =  np 6D@35 [The Air Standard Otto Cycle (ideal cycle for petrol engines and some high speed CI engines)4\(2@ op 6HF3@   b1  2 isentropic compression 2  3 heat supply at constant volume 3  4 isentropic expansion 4  1 heat rejection at constant volume4 23 pB Up HD H p 0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +j@ yqP:pt`(  tR t s *  hL    t# yO /N    t   B t TD P `2 t 0 @P `2 t 0  `B t 0D P `B  t 0DP P N     t   B  t TDP  `2  tB 0` P `2  tB 0  `B t 0DP  `B tB 0DPP  hL p t#   H N  P  t  p`2 t 0 P `2 t 0 @P B t TD `B t 0D `B t 0DP P N  P  t p `2 t 0 P `2 t 0 @P B t TD `B t 0D `B t 0DP P *F  >  t  r t B2 @ > Z2 t s *  RB  t s *Do  RB !t s *Do RB "t s *Do XB Wt 0Do  dB Xt <D] dB Yt <D   Zt 6[3/: Ep( 2  [t 6`3s G  EV( 2  \t 6,d3 "  A1$ 2  ^2 ]t 6 "  ^t 6Th34 A2$ 2  ^2 _t 6@ `t 6#WK A3$ 2  ^2 at 6]K bt 6#  1  54 2 ^2 ct 6  * RB et@ s *D6    RB gt@ s *D ht  BC]DEXF(3  ]Ej1oQ?+qyl#0e@PW]@          it  BC]DEXF(  ]Ej1oQ?+qyl#0e@PW]@        6 jB jt BZD   jB kt BZDjB lt B6b,D>jB mt BD3 =  nt 6 #5 [The Air Standard Otto Cycle (ideal cycle for petrol engines and some high speed CI engines)4\(2@ ot 6#@   b1  2 isentropic compression 2  3 heat supply at constant volume 3  4 isentropic expansion 4  1 heat rejection at constant volume4 23 pB Ut HD H t 0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +j yq`:px`(  xR x s *  hL    x# R 2N    x   B x TD P `2 x 0 @P `2 x 0  `B x 0D P `B  x 0DP P N     x   B  x TDP  `2  xB 0` P `2  xB 0  `B x 0DP  `B xB 0DPP  hL p x# 2 ' N  P  x  p`2 x 0 P `2 x 0 @P B x TD `B x 0D `B x 0DP P N  P  x p `2 x 0 P `2 x 0 @P B x TD `B x 0D `B x 0DP P *F  >  x  A a r x B2 @ > Z2 x s *  RB  x s *Do  RB !x s *Do RB "x s *Do XB Wx 0Do  dB Xx <D] dB Yx <D   Zx 6%#/: Ep( 2  [x 6L)#s G  EV( 2  \x 6t-# "  A1$ 2  ^2 ]x 6 "  ^x 61#4 A2$ 2  ^2 _x 6@ `x 65#WK A3$ 2  ^2 ax 6]K bx 69#  1  54 2 ^2 cx 6  * RB ex@ s *D6    RB gx@ s *D hx  BC]DEXF(3  ]Ej1oQ?+qyl#0e@PW]@          ix  BC]DEXF(  ]Ej1oQ?+qyl#0e@PW]@        6 jB jx BZD   jB kx BZDjB lx B6b,D>jB mx BD3 =  nx 6?#5 [The Air Standard Otto Cycle (ideal cycle for petrol engines and some high speed CI engines)4\(2@ ox 6E#@   b1  2 isentropic compression 2  3 heat supply at constant volume 3  4 isentropic expansion 4  1 heat rejection at constant volume4 23 pB Ux HD ; ; H x 0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +@ p;p|0 e( @ |F   |   Z | s *  ZB | s *Do ZB | s *Do ZB | s *Do hL    |# R 2N    |   B  | TD P `2  | 0 @P `2  | 0  `B  | 0D P `B  | 0DP P N    |   B | TDP  `2 |B 0` P `2 |B 0  `B | 0DP  `B |B 0DPP  hL p |# xc n N  P  |  p`2 | 0 P `2 | 0 @P B | TD `B | 0D `B | 0DP P N  P  | p `2 | 0 P `2 | 0 @P B | TD `B | 0D `B  | 0DP P *F  >  !|  r "| B2 @ > Z2 #| s *  XB W| 0Do  dB X| <D] dB Y| <D   Z| 6[#/: Ep( 2  [| 6`_#s G  EV( 2  \| 6c# "  A1$ 2  ^2 ]| 6 "  ^| 6g#4 A2$ 2  ^2 _| 6@ `| 6k#WK A3$ 2  ^2 a| 6]K b| 6o#  1  54 2 ^2 c| 6  * RB e|@ s *D6    RB g|@ s *D h|  BC]DEXF(3  ]Ej1oQ?+qyl#0e@PW]@          i|  BC]DEXF(  ]Ej1oQ?+qyl#0e@PW]@        6 jB j| BZD   jB k| BZDjB l| B6b,D>jB m| BD3 =  n| 6u#5 [The Air Standard Otto Cycle (ideal cycle for petrol engines and some high speed CI engines)4\(2@ o| 6{#@   b1  2 isentropic compression 2  3 heat supply at constant volume 3  4 isentropic expansion 4  1 heat rejection at constant volume4 23 vB p| ND H | 0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + ;p0 e(  F      Z  s *  ZB  s *Do ZB  s *Do ZB  s *Do hL    # R 2N       B  TD P `2   0 @P `2   0  `B  0D P `B   0DP P N       B  TDP  `2 B 0` P `2 B 0  `B  0DP  `B B 0DPP  hL p #   N  P    p`2  0 P `2  0 @P B  TD `B  0D `B  0DP P N  P   p `2  0 P `2  0 @P B  TD `B  0D `B   0DP P *F  >  !  3 S r " B2 @ > Z2 # s *  XB W 0Do  dB X <D] dB Y <D   Z 6(#/: Ep( 2  [ 6t#s G  EV( 2  \ 6# "  A1$ 2  ^2 ] 6 "  ^ 6@X 4 A2$ 2  ^2 _ 6@ ` 6@[ WK A3$ 2  ^2 a 6]K b 6x_   1  54 2 ^2 c 6  * RB e@ s *D6    RB g@ s *D h  BC]DEXF(3  ]Ej1oQ?+qyl#0e@PW]@          i  BC]DEXF(  ]Ej1oQ?+qyl#0e@PW]@        6 jB j BZD   jB k BZDjB l B6b,D>jB m BD3 =  n 6d 5 [The Air Standard Otto Cycle (ideal cycle for petrol engines and some high speed CI engines)4\(2@ o 6k @   b1  2 isentropic compression 2  3 heat supply at constant volume 3  4 isentropic expansion 4  1 heat rejection at constant volume4 23 vB p ND 0 0 H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +@ ;p0 e(  F      Z  s *̙ ZB  s *Do ZB  s *Do ZB  s *Do hL    # R 2N       B  TD P `2   0 @P `2   0  `B  0D P `B   0DP P N       B  TDP  `2 B 0` P `2 B 0  `B  0DP  `B B 0DPP  hL p # l A N  P    p`2  0 P `2  0 @P B  TD `B  0D `B  0DP P N  P   p `2  0 P `2  0 @P B  TD `B  0D `B   0DP P *F  >  !   r " B2 @ > Z2 # s *  XB W 0Do  dB X <D] dB Y <D   Z 6t /: Ep( 2  [ 6 s G  EV( 2  \ 6  "  A1$ 2  ^2 ] 6 "  ^ 6 4 A2$ 2  ^2 _ 6@ ` 6 WK A3$ 2  ^2 a 6]K b 6X   1  54 2 ^2 c 6  * RB e@ s *D6    RB g@ s *D h  BC]DEXF(3  ]Ej1oQ?+qyl#0e@PW]@          i  BC]DEXF(  ]Ej1oQ?+qyl#0e@PW]@        6 jB j BZD   jB k BZDjB l B6b,D>jB m BD3 =  n 6 5 [The Air Standard Otto Cycle (ideal cycle for petrol engines and some high speed CI engines)4\(2@ o 6 @   b1  2 isentropic compression 2  3 heat supply at constant volume 3  4 isentropic expansion 4  1 heat rejection at constant volume4 23 vB p NDA  H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +@ ;p0 e(  F      Z  s *̙ ZB  s *Do ZB  s *Do ZB  s *Do hL    # R 2N       B  TD P `2   0 @P `2   0  `B  0D P `B   0DP P N       B  TDP  `2 B 0` P `2 B 0  `B  0DP  `B B 0DPP  hL p # =  N  P    p`2  0 P `2  0 @P B  TD `B  0D `B  0DP P N  P   p `2  0 P `2  0 @P B  TD `B  0D `B   0DP P *F  >  !   r " B2 @ > Z2 # s *  XB W 0Do  dB X <D] dB Y <D   Z 6 /: Ep( 2  [ 6Ժ s G  EV( 2  \ 6  "  A1$ 2  ^2 ] 6 "  ^ 6$ 4 A2$ 2  ^2 _ 6@ ` 6 WK A3$ 2  ^2 a 6]K b 6l   1  54 2 ^2 c 6  * RB e@ s *D6    RB g@ s *D h  BC]DEXF(3  ]Ej1oQ?+qyl#0e@PW]@          i  BC]DEXF(  ]Ej1oQ?+qyl#0e@PW]@        6 jB j BZD   jB k BZDjB l B6b,D>jB m BD3 =  n 6f 5 [The Air Standard Otto Cycle (ideal cycle for petrol engines and some high speed CI engines)4\(2@ o 6 @   b1  2 isentropic compression 2  3 heat supply at constant volume 3  4 isentropic expansion 4  1 heat rejection at constant volume4 23 vB p ND  H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + ;p0 e(  F      Z  s *̙ ZB  s *Do ZB  s *Do ZB  s *Do hL    # _ N       B  TD P `2   0 @P `2   0  `B  0D P `B   0DP P N       B  TDP  `2 B 0` P `2 B 0  `B  0DP  `B B 0DPP  hL p #   \ N  P    p`2  0 P `2  0 @P B  TD `B  0D `B  0DP P N  P   p `2  0 P `2  0 @P B  TD `B  0D `B   0DP P *F  >  !  w r " B2 @ > Z2 # s *  XB W 0Do  dB X <D] dB Y <D   Z 6 /: Ep( 2  [ 6 s G  EV( 2  \ 6   "  A1$ 2  ^2 ] 6 "  ^ 6d" 4 A2$ 2  ^2 _ 6@ ` 6 WK A3$ 2  ^2 a 6]K b 6   1  54 2 ^2 c 6  * RB e@ s *D6    RB g@ s *D h  BC]DEXF(3  ]Ej1oQ?+qyl#0e@PW]@          i  BC]DEXF(  ]Ej1oQ?+qyl#0e@PW]@        6 jB j BZD   jB k BZDjB l B6b,D>jB m BD3 =  n 6t 5 [The Air Standard Otto Cycle (ideal cycle for petrol engines and some high speed CI engines)4\(2@ o 6Q @   b1  2 isentropic compression 2  3 heat supply at constant volume 3  4 isentropic expansion 4  1 heat rejection at constant volume4 23 vB p NDi ww H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +@ ;p0 e(  F      Z  s *̙ ZB  s *Do ZB  s *Do ZB  s *Do hL    # a !N       B  TD P `2   0 @P `2   0  `B  0D P `B   0DP P N       B  TDP  `2 B 0` P `2 B 0  `B  0DP  `B B 0DPP  hL p # _  N  P    p`2  0 P `2  0 @P B  TD `B  0D `B  0DP P N  P   p `2  0 P `2  0 @P B  TD `B  0D `B   0DP P *F  >  !  " r " B2 @ > Z2 # s *  XB W 0Do  dB X <D] dB Y <D   Z 6/: Ep( 2  [ 6s G  EV( 2  \ 6  "  A1$ 2  ^2 ] 6 "  ^ 64 4 A2$ 2  ^2 _ 6@ ` 6WK A3$ 2  ^2 a 6]K b 68  1  54 2 ^2 c 6  * RB e@ s *D6    RB g@ s *D h  BC]DEXF(3  ]Ej1oQ?+qyl#0e@PW]@          i  BC]DEXF(  ]Ej1oQ?+qyl#0e@PW]@        6 jB j BZD   jB k BZDjB l B6b,D>jB m BD3 =  n 65 [The Air Standard Otto Cycle (ideal cycle for petrol engines and some high speed CI engines)4\(2@ o 6@   b1  2 isentropic compression 2  3 heat supply at constant volume 3  4 isentropic expansion 4  1 heat rejection at constant volume4 23 vB p ND H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + :p@(  X  0̙ XB  0Do  XB  0Do XB  0Do hL    # c #N       B  TD P `2   0 @P `2   0  `B  0D P `B   0DP P N       B  TDP  `2 B 0` P `2 B 0  `B  0DP  `B B 0DPP  hL p # gT ] N  P    p`2  0 P `2  0 @P B  TD `B  0D `B  0DP P N  P   p `2  0 P `2  0 @P B  TD `B  0D `B   0DP P *F  >  !  r " B2 @ > Z2 # s *  XB W 0Do  dB X <D] dB Y <D   Z 6h4/: Ep( 2  [ 68s G  EV( 2  \ 6< "  A1$ 2  ^2 ] 6 "  ^ 6A4 A2$ 2  ^2 _ 6@ ` 6EWK A3$ 2  ^2 a 6]K b 6LI  1  54 2 ^2 c 6  * RB e@ s *D6    RB g@ s *D h  BC]DEXF(3  ]Ej1oQ?+qyl#0e@PW]@          i  BC]DEXF(  ]Ej1oQ?+qyl#0e@PW]@        6 jB j BZD   jB k BZDjB l B6b,D>jB m BD3 =  n 6O5 [The Air Standard Otto Cycle (ideal cycle for petrol engines and some high speed CI engines)4\(2@ o 6U@   b1  2 isentropic compression 2  3 heat supply at constant volume 3  4 isentropic expansion 4  1 heat rejection at constant volume4 23 vB p NDI H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +@ '39(  R 9 s *̙ RB  s *Do  RB  s *Do RB  s *Do hL    # \ N       B  TD P `2   0 @P `2   0  `B  0D P `B   0DP P N        B  TDP  `2 B 0` P `2 B 0  `B  0DP  `B B 0DPP  L  P  #  4D `2  0 P `2  0 @P B  TD `B  0D `B  0DP P 8F  >      B2 @"  > Z2  s *  RB  s *Do  ^B  6D] ^B  6D    0LDB/: Ep( 2   0HBs G  EV( 2  ! 0LB "  A1$ 2  X2 " 0 "  # 0PB4 A2$ 2  X2 $ 0@ % 0TBWK A3$ 2  X2 & 0]K ' 00YB  1  54 2 X2 ( 0  * LB )@ c $D6    LB *@ c $D4 +  BC]DEXF(3  ]Ej1oQ?+qyl#0e@PW]@       S"    ,  BC]DEXF(  ]Ej1oQ?+qyl#0e@PW]@        6 dB - <ZD   dB . <ZDdB / <6b,D>dB 0 <D3 =   1 0^B5 [The Air Standard Otto Cycle (ideal cycle for petrol engines and some high speed CI engines)4\(2@ 2 0dB@   b1  2 isentropic compression 2  3 heat supply at constant volume 3  4 isentropic expansion 4  1 heat rejection at constant volume4 23 pB 3 HD H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +T c[4xp(  X  0| XB  0Do  XB   0Do XB ! 0Do L    # \ N       B  ZD P f2  6 @P f2  6  fB  6D P fB  6DP P N       B   ZDP  f2  B 6` P f2  B 6  fB   6DP  fB  B 6DPP  zF  P    4D `2  0 P `2  0 @P B  TD `B  0D `B  0DP P 8F  >      B2 @"  > Z2  s *  XB ^ 0Do  dB _ <D] dB ` <D   a 6k/: Ep( 2  b 6ps G  EV( 2  c 6Dt "  A1$ 2  ^2 d 6 "  e 6lx4 A2$ 2  ^2 f 6@ g 6h|WK A3$ 2  ^2 h 6]K i 6  1  54 2 ^2 j 6  * RB l@ s *D6    RB n@ s *D3 o  BC]DEXF(  ]Ej1oQ?+qyl#0e@PW]@          p  BC]DEXF(  ]Ej1oQ?+qyl#0e@PW]@        6 jB q BZD   jB r BZD3jB s B6b,D>jB t BD =  u 6l5 [The Air Standard Otto Cycle (ideal cycle for petrol engines and some high speed CI engines)4\(2@$ v 6p@   b1  2 isentropic compression 2  3 heat supply at constant volume 3  4 isentropic expansion 4  1 heat rejection at constant volume@ 2=3W vB w ND P x C (AFlames1p JH  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +l@ {s45(  X  03 XB  0Do  XB  0Do XB  0Do hL    # \ N       B  TD P `2   0 @P `2   0  `B  0D P `B   0DP P N       B  TDP  `2 B 0` P `2 B 0  `B  0DP  `B B 0DPP  L  P  #  4D `2  0 P `2  0 @P B  TD `B  0D `B  0DP P *F  >    r  B2 @ > Z2  s *  RB  s *Do  ^B  6D] ^B  6D    0/: Ep( 2  ! 0`s G  EV( 2  " 0 "  A1$ 2  X2 # 0 "  $ 04 A2$ 2  X2 % 0@ & 0WK A3$ 2  X2 ' 0]K ( 0  1  54 2 X2 ) 0  * LB *@ c $D6    LB +@ c $D3 ,  BC]DEXF(  ]Ej1oQ?+qyl#0e@PW]@          -  BC]DEXF(  ]Ej1oQ?+qyl#0e@PW]@        6 dB . <ZD   dB / <ZD3dB 0 <6b,D>dB 1 <D =   2 05 [The Air Standard Otto Cycle (ideal cycle for petrol engines and some high speed CI engines)4\(2@ 3 0@   b1  2 isentropic compression 2  3 heat supply at constant volume 3  4 isentropic expansion 4  1 heat rejection at constant volume@ 2=3W pB 4 HD P 5 C (AFlames1p JH  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +l {s45(  X  03 XB  0Do  XB  0Do XB  0Do hL    # \ N       B  TD P `2   0 @P `2   0  `B  0D P `B   0DP P N       B  TDP  `2 B 0` P `2 B 0  `B  0DP  `B B 0DPP  L  P  #  4D `2  0 P `2  0 @P B  TD `B  0D `B  0DP P *F  >    r  B2 @ > Z2  s *  RB  s *Do  ^B  6D] ^B  6D    0x/: Ep( 2  ! 0s G  EV( 2  " 0d "  A1$ 2  X2 # 0 "  $ 04 A2$ 2  X2 % 0@ & 0WK A3$ 2  X2 ' 0]K ( 04  1  54 2 X2 ) 0  * LB *@ c $D6    LB +@ c $D3 ,  BC]DEXF(  ]Ej1oQ?+qyl#0e@PW]@          -  BC]DEXF(  ]Ej1oQ?+qyl#0e@PW]@        6 dB . <ZD   dB / <ZD3dB 0 <6b,D>dB 1 <D =   2 04$%5 [The Air Standard Otto Cycle (ideal cycle for petrol engines and some high speed CI engines)4\(2@ 3 0,%@   b1  2 isentropic compression 2  3 heat supply at constant volume 3  4 isentropic expansion 4  1 heat rejection at constant volume@ 2=3W pB 4 HD P 5 C (AFlames1p JH  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +@ 34(  R  s *3 RB  s *Do  RB  s *Do RB  s *Do hL    # \ N       B  TD P `2   0 @P `2   0  `B  0D P `B   0DP P N        B  TDP  `2 B 0` P `2 B 0  `B  0DP  `B B 0DPP  L  P  #  4D `2  0 P `2  0 @P B  TD `B  0D `B  0DP P *F  >    r  B2 @ > Z2  s *  RB  s *Do  ^B  6D] ^B  6D    0/: Ep( 2   0@s G  EV( 2  ! 0h "  A1$ 2  X2 " 0 "  # 04 A2$ 2  X2 $ 0@ % 0D/WK A3$ 2  X2 & 0]K ' 03  1  54 2 X2 ( 0  * LB )@ c $D6    LB *@ c $D +  BC]DEXF(  ]Ej1oQ?+qyl#0e@PW]@          ,  BC]DEXF(3  ]Ej1oQ?+qyl#0e@PW]@        6 dB - <ZD   dB . <ZDdB / <6b,D3>dB 0 <D =   1 0,95 [The Air Standard Otto Cycle (ideal cycle for petrol engines and some high speed CI engines)4\(2@ 2 00?@   b1  2 isentropic compression 2  3 heat supply at constant volume 3  4 isentropic expansion 4  1 heat rejection at constant volume@ 2Z3< pB 3 HD H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +@  :p @( %! $  X  03 XB ! 0Do  XB " 0Do XB # 0Do hL     # _ N        B  TD P `2   0 @P `2   0  `B  0D P `B   0DP P N        B  TDP  `2  B 0` P `2  B 0  `B  0DP  `B  B 0DPP  bF p   gT ] N  P     p`2   0 P `2   0 @P B  TD `B   0D `B   0DP P N  P    p `2   0 P `2   0 @P B  TD `B   0D `B   0DP P 8F  >        B2 @"  > Z2   s *  XB W 0Do  dB X <D] dB Y <D   Z 6 /: Ep( 2  [ 6$s G  EV( 2  \ 6 "  A1$ 2  ^2 ] 6 "  ^ 6x4 A2$ 2  ^2 _ 6@ ` 6WK A3$ 2  ^2 a 6]K b 6\  1  54 2 ^2 c 6  * RB e @ s *D6    RB g @ s *D h  BC]DEXF(  ]Ej1oQ?+qyl#0e@PW]@          i  BC]DEXF(3  ]Ej1oQ?+qyl#0e@PW]@        6 jB j BZD   jB k BZDjB l B6b,D3>jB m BD =  n 6`5 [The Air Standard Otto Cycle (ideal cycle for petrol engines and some high speed CI engines)4\(2@$ o 6m@   b1  2 isentropic compression 2  3 heat supply at constant volume 3  4 isentropic expansion 4  1 heat rejection at constant volume@ 2Z3< vB p NDs H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0:@!(  3  X : 03 XB ; 0Do  XB < 0Do XB = 0Do hL    # _ N       B  TD P `2  0 @P `2  0  `B  0D P `B  0DP P N        B   TDP  `2  B 0` P `2  B 0  `B   0DP  `B B 0DPP  hL p # _  N  P    p`2  0 P `2  0 @P B  TD `B  0D `B  0DP P N  P   p `2  0 P `2  0 @P B  TD `B  0D `B  0DP P 8F  >  6    7 B2 @"  > Z2 8 s *  XB q 0Do  dB r <D] dB s <D   t 6/: Ep( 2  u 6 s G  EV( 2  v 6] "  A1$ 2  ^2 w 6 "  x 6L4 A2$ 2  ^2 y 6@ z 6(jWK A3$ 2  ^2 { 6]K | 6e  1  54 2 ^2 } 6  * RB @ s *D6    RB @ s *D   BC]DEXF(  ]Ej1oQ?+qyl#0e@PW]@            BC]DEXF(3  ]Ej1oQ?+qyl#0e@PW]@        6 jB  BZD   jB  BZDjB  B6b,D3>jB  BD =   6O5 [The Air Standard Otto Cycle (ideal cycle for petrol engines and some high speed CI engines)4\(2@$  6xT@   b1  2 isentropic compression 2  3 heat supply at constant volume 3  4 isentropic expansion 4  1 heat rejection at constant volume@ 2Z3< vB  ND\ H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +@ @:p@!(  X   03 XB ! 0Do  XB " 0Do XB # 0Do hL    # b "N       B  TD P `2  0 @P `2  0  `B  0D P `B  0DP P N        B   TDP  `2  B 0` P `2  B 0  `B   0DP  `B B 0DPP  hL p #   \ N  P    p`2  0 P `2  0 @P B  TD `B  0D `B  0DP P N  P   p `2  0 P `2  0 @P B  TD `B  0D `B  0DP P 8F  >    w   B2 @"  > Z2  s *  XB W 0Do  dB X <D] dB Y <D   Z 6/: Ep( 2  [ 68s G  EV( 2  \ 6` "  A1$ 2  ^2 ] 6 "  ^ 6`4 A2$ 2  ^2 _ 6@ ` 6WK A3$ 2  ^2 a 6]K b 6  1  54 2 ^2 c 6  * RB e@ s *D6    RB g@ s *D h  BC]DEXF(  ]Ej1oQ?+qyl#0e@PW]@          i  BC]DEXF(3  ]Ej1oQ?+qyl#0e@PW]@        6 jB j BZD   jB k BZDjB l B6b,D3>jB m BD =  n 65 [The Air Standard Otto Cycle (ideal cycle for petrol engines and some high speed CI engines)4\(2@$ o 6@   b1  2 isentropic compression 2  3 heat supply at constant volume 3  4 isentropic expansion 4  1 heat rejection at constant volume@ 2Z3< vB p NDVtt H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + P:p@!( @ X   0f XB ! 0Do  XB " 0Do XB # 0Do hL    # R 2N       B  TD P `2  0 @P `2  0  `B  0D P `B  0DP P N        B   TDP  `2  B 0` P `2  B 0  `B   0DP  `B B 0DPP  hL p # =  N  P    p`2  0 P `2  0 @P B  TD `B  0D `B  0DP P N  P   p `2  0 P `2  0 @P B  TD `B  0D `B  0DP P 8F  >       B2 @"  > Z2  s *  XB W 0Do  dB X <D] dB Y <D   Z 6d/: Ep( 2  [ 6 s G  EV( 2  \ 6 "  A1$ 2  ^2 ] 6 "  ^ 64 A2$ 2  ^2 _ 6@ ` 6t2WK A3$ 2  ^2 a 6]K b 6X6  1  54 2 ^2 c 6  * RB e@ s *D6    RB g@ s *D h  BC]DEXF(  ]Ej1oQ?+qyl#0e@PW]@          i  BC]DEXF(3  ]Ej1oQ?+qyl#0e@PW]@        6 jB j BZD   jB k BZDjB l B6b,D3>jB m BD =  n 6;5 [The Air Standard Otto Cycle (ideal cycle for petrol engines and some high speed CI engines)4\(2@$ o 6,@   b1  2 isentropic compression 2  3 heat supply at constant volume 3  4 isentropic expansion 4  1 heat rejection at constant volume@ 2Z3< vB p ND H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +@ `:p@!( *  $  X   0f XB ! 0Do  XB " 0Do XB # 0Do hL    # R 2N       B  TD P `2  0 @P `2  0  `B  0D P `B  0DP P N        B   TDP  `2  B 0` P `2  B 0  `B   0DP  `B B 0DPP  hL p # l B N  P    p`2  0 P `2  0 @P B  TD `B  0D `B  0DP P N  P   p `2  0 P `2  0 @P B  TD `B  0D `B  0DP P 8F  >       B2 @"  > Z2  s *  XB W 0Do  dB X <D] dB Y <D   Z 60/: Ep( 2  [ 6l=s G  EV( 2  \ 6@ "  A1$ 2  ^2 ] 6 "  ^ 6D4 A2$ 2  ^2 _ 6@ ` 63WK A3$ 2  ^2 a 6]K b 6|7  1  54 2 ^2 c 6  * RB e@ s *D6    RB g@ s *D h  BC]DEXF(  ]Ej1oQ?+qyl#0e@PW]@          i  BC]DEXF(3  ]Ej1oQ?+qyl#0e@PW]@        6 jB j BZD   jB k BZDjB l B6b,D3>jB m BD =  n 6 5 [The Air Standard Otto Cycle (ideal cycle for petrol engines and some high speed CI engines)4\(2@$ o 6@   b1  2 isentropic compression 2  3 heat supply at constant volume 3  4 isentropic expansion 4  1 heat rejection at constant volume@ 2Z3< vB p ND H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + p: @!(   X 3 0f  XB 4 0Do  XB 5 0Do XB 6 0Do hL     # R 2N        B  TD P `2   0 @P `2   0  `B  0D P `B   0DP P N        B  TDP  `2  B 0` P `2  B 0  `B  0DP  `B  B 0DPP  hL p " #   N  P  #   p`2 $  0 P `2 %  0 @P B & TD `B '  0D `B (  0DP P N  P  )  p `2 *  0 P `2 +  0 @P B , TD `B -  0D `B .  0DP P 8F  >  /   3 S  0  B2 @"  > Z2 1  s *  XB j 0Do  dB k <D] dB l <D   m 6/: Ep( 2  n 6s G  EV( 2  o 6Ÿ "  A1$ 2  ^2 p 6 "  q 60ɸ4 A2$ 2  ^2 r 6@ s 6,͸WK A3$ 2  ^2 t 6]K u 6xѸ  1  54 2 ^2 v 6  * RB x @ s *D6    RB z @ s *D {  BC]DEXF(  ]Ej1oQ?+qyl#0e@PW]@          |  BC]DEXF(3  ]Ej1oQ?+qyl#0e@PW]@        6 jB } BZD   jB ~ BZDjB  B6b,D3>jB  BD =   6.5 [The Air Standard Otto Cycle (ideal cycle for petrol engines and some high speed CI engines)4\(2@$  6 K@   b1  2 isentropic compression 2  3 heat supply at constant volume 3  4 isentropic expansion 4  1 heat rejection at constant volume@ 2Z3< vB  NDH 3 3 H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +@ :}$@!(  $X -$ 0f  XB .$ 0Do  XB /$ 0Do XB 0$ 0Do hL    $# O /N    $   B $ TD P `2 $ 0 @P `2 $ 0  `B $ 0D P `B $ 0DP P N     $   B  $ TDP  `2  $B 0` P `2  $B 0  `B  $ 0DP  `B $B 0DPP  hL p $# xc n N  P  $  p`2 $ 0 P `2 $ 0 @P B  $ TD `B !$ 0D `B "$ 0DP P N  P  #$ p `2 $$ 0 P `2 %$ 0 @P B &$ TD `B '$ 0D `B ($ 0DP P 8F  >  )$   *$ B2 @"  > Z2 +$ s *  XB d$ 0Do  dB e$ <D] dB f$ <D   g$ 6h_/: Ep( 2  h$ 6cs G  EV( 2  i$ 6g "  A1$ 2  ^2 j$ 6 "  k$ 6l4 A2$ 2  ^2 l$ 6@ m$ 6pWK A3$ 2  ^2 n$ 6]K o$ 6@J  1  54 2 ^2 p$ 6  * RB r$@ s *D6    RB t$@ s *D u$  BC]DEXF(  ]Ej1oQ?+qyl#0e@PW]@          v$  BC]DEXF(3  ]Ej1oQ?+qyl#0e@PW]@        6 jB w$ BZD   jB x$ BZDjB y$ B6b,D3>jB z$ BD =  {$ 6lָ5 [The Air Standard Otto Cycle (ideal cycle for petrol engines and some high speed CI engines)4\(2@$ |$ 6B@   b1  2 isentropic compression 2  3 heat supply at constant volume 3  4 isentropic expansion 4  1 heat rejection at constant volume@ 2Z3< vB }$ ND H $ 0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + :}(@!(  (X -( 0f  XB .( 0Do  XB /( 0Do XB 0( 0Do hL    (# R 2N    (   B ( TD P `2 ( 0 @P `2 ( 0  `B ( 0D P `B ( 0DP P N     (   B  ( TDP  `2  (B 0` P `2  (B 0  `B  ( 0DP  `B (B 0DPP  hL p (# 2 ' N  P  (  p`2 ( 0 P `2 ( 0 @P B  ( TD `B !( 0D `B "( 0DP P N  P  #( p `2 $( 0 P `2 %( 0 @P B &( TD `B '( 0D `B (( 0DP P 8F  >  )(  A a  *( B2 @"  > Z2 +( s *  XB d( 0Do  dB e( <D] dB f( <D   g( 68B/: Ep( 2  h( 6Bs G  EV( 2  i( 6xB "  A1$ 2  ^2 j( 6 "  k( 6B4 A2$ 2  ^2 l( 6@ m( 6BWK A3$ 2  ^2 n( 6]K o( 6hB  1  54 2 ^2 p( 6  * RB r(@ s *D6    RB t(@ s *D u(  BC]DEXF(  ]Ej1oQ?+qyl#0e@PW]@          v(  BC]DEXF(3  ]Ej1oQ?+qyl#0e@PW]@        6 jB w( BZD   jB x( BZDjB y( B6b,D3>jB z( BD =  {( 6$B5 [The Air Standard Otto Cycle (ideal cycle for petrol engines and some high speed CI engines)4\(2@$ |( 6LB@   b1  2 isentropic compression 2  3 heat supply at constant volume 3  4 isentropic expansion 4  1 heat rejection at constant volume@ 2Z3< vB }( ND > > H ( 0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +@ :},@!(  ,X -, 0̙  XB ., 0Do  XB /, 0Do XB 0, 0Do hL    ,# yR 2N    ,   B , TD P `2 , 0 @P `2 , 0  `B , 0D P `B , 0DP P N     ,   B  , TDP  `2  ,B 0` P `2  ,B 0  `B  , 0DP  `B ,B 0DPP  hL p ,#   H N  P  ,  p`2 , 0 P `2 , 0 @P B  , TD `B !, 0D `B ", 0DP P N  P  #, p `2 $, 0 P `2 %, 0 @P B &, TD `B ', 0D `B (, 0DP P 8F  >  ),   *, B2 @"  > Z2 +, s *  XB d, 0Do  dB e, <D] dB f, <D   g, 63/: Ep( 2  h, 643s G  EV( 2  i, 63 "  A1$ 2  ^2 j, 6 "  k, 634 A2$ 2  ^2 l, 6@ m, 63WK A3$ 2  ^2 n, 6]K o, 63  1  54 2 ^2 p, 6  * RB r,@ s *D6    RB t,@ s *D u,  BC]DEXF(  ]Ej1oQ?+qyl#0e@PW]@          v,  BC]DEXF(3  ]Ej1oQ?+qyl#0e@PW]@        6 jB w, BZD   jB x, BZDjB y, B6b,D3>jB z, BD =  {, 6 35 [The Air Standard Otto Cycle (ideal cycle for petrol engines and some high speed CI engines)4\(2@$ |, 63@   b1  2 isentropic compression 2  3 heat supply at constant volume 3  4 isentropic expansion 4  1 heat rejection at constant volume@ 2Z3< vB }, ND H , 0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +~@ :o00  (  0R 0 s *̙  RB  0 s *Do  RB !0 s *Do RB "0 s *Do hL    0# j_ N    0   B 0 TD P `2 0 0 @P `2 0 0  `B 0 0D P `B 0 0DP P N     0   B  0 TDP  `2  0B 0` P `2  0B 0  `B  0 0DP  `B 0B 0DPP  hL p 0# H  N  P  0  p`2 0 0 P `2 0 0 @P B 0 TD `B 0 0D `B 0 0DP P N  P  0 p `2 0 0 P `2 0 0 @P B 0 TD `B 0 0D `B 0 0DP P 8F  >  0    0 B2 @"  > Z2 0 s *  XB V0 0Do  dB W0 <D] dB X0 <D   Y0 6X3/: Ep( 2  Z0 63s G  EV( 2  [0 63 "  A1$ 2  ^2 \0 6 "  ]0 634 A2$ 2  ^2 ^0 6@ _0 63WK A3$ 2  ^2 `0 6]K a0 6<3  1  54 2 ^2 b0 6  * RB d0@ s *D6    RB f0@ s *D g0  BC]DEXF(  ]Ej1oQ?+qyl#0e@PW]@          h0  BC]DEXF(3  ]Ej1oQ?+qyl#0e@PW]@        6 jB i0 BZD   jB j0 BZDjB k0 B6b,D3>jB l0 BD =  m0 635 [The Air Standard Otto Cycle (ideal cycle for petrol engines and some high speed CI engines)4\(2@$ n0 6 3@   b1  2 isentropic compression 2  3 heat supply at constant volume 3  4 isentropic expansion 4  1 heat rejection at constant volume@ 2Z3< vB o0 ND& H 0 0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +~ :o40  (  4R 4 s *̙  RB  4 s *Do  RB !4 s *Do RB "4 s *Do hL    4# [b "N    4   B 4 TD P `2 4 0 @P `2 4 0  `B 4 0D P `B 4 0DP P N     4   B  4 TDP  `2  4B 0` P `2  4B 0  `B  4 0DP  `B 4B 0DPP  hL p 4# C  N  P  4  p`2 4 0 P `2 4 0 @P B 4 TD `B 4 0D `B 4 0DP P N  P  4 p `2 4 0 P `2 4 0 @P B 4 TD `B 4 0D `B 4 0DP P 8F  >  4   3  4 B2 @"  > Z2 4 s *  XB V4 0Do  dB W4 <D] dB X4 <D   Y4 6D3/: Ep( 2  Z4 63s G  EV( 2  [4 63 "  A1$ 2  ^2 \4 6 "  ]4 634 A2$ 2  ^2 ^4 6@ _4 6,#WK A3$ 2  ^2 `4 6]K a4 6#  1  54 2 ^2 b4 6  * RB d4@ s *D6    RB f4@ s *D g4  BC]DEXF(  ]Ej1oQ?+qyl#0e@PW]@          h4  BC]DEXF(3  ]Ej1oQ?+qyl#0e@PW]@        6 jB i4 BZD   jB j4 BZDjB k4 B6b,D3>jB l4 BD =  m4 64#5 [The Air Standard Otto Cycle (ideal cycle for petrol engines and some high speed CI engines)4\(2@$ n4 68#@   b1  2 isentropic compression 2  3 heat supply at constant volume 3  4 isentropic expansion 4  1 heat rejection at constant volume@ 2Z3< vB o4 ND/  H 4 0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +@ 9HC(  R  s *̙  hL    # Lb "N       B  TD P `2  0 @P `2  0  `B  0D P `B   0DP P N        B  TDP  `2  B 0` P `2  B 0  `B  0DP  `B B 0DPP  hL p # Y  N  P    p`2  0 P `2  0 @P B  TD `B  0D `B  0DP P N  P   p `2  0 P `2  0 @P B  TD `B  0D `B  0DP P *F  >     > r  B2 @ > Z2  s *  RB  s *Do RB ! s *Do RB " s *Do  ^B # 6D] ^B $ 6D   % 0d#/: Ep( 2  & 0#s G  EV( 2  ' 0# "  A1$ 2  X2 ( 0 "  ) 0#4 A2$ 2  X2 * 0@ + 0#WK A3$ 2  X2 , 0]K - 0,#  1  54 2 X2 . 0  * LB /@ c $D6    LB 0@ c $D 1  BC]DEXF(  ]Ej1oQ?+qyl#0e@PW]@         4 2  BC]DEXF(3  ]Ej1oQ?+qyl#0e@PW]@       S"  6 dB 3 <ZD   dB 4 <ZDdB 5 <6b,D3>dB 6 <D =   7 0#5 [The Air Standard Otto Cycle (ideal cycle for petrol engines and some high speed CI engines)4\(2@ 8 0#@   b1  2 isentropic compression 2  3 heat supply at constant volume 3  4 isentropic expansion 4  1 heat rejection at constant volume@ 2Z3< pB 9 HD8   H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +0 //HM0 /( Ow@ R  s *̙  hL    # Lb "N       B  TD P `2  0 @P `2  0  `B  0D P `B   0DP P N        B  TDP  `2  B 0` P `2  B 0  `B  0DP  `B B 0DPP  hL p # Y  N  P    p`2  0 P `2  0 @P B  TD `B  0D `B  0DP P N  P   p `2  0 P `2  0 @P B  TD `B  0D `B  0DP P *F  >     > r  B2 @ > Z2  s *  RB  s *Do RB ! s *Do XB # 0Do  dB $ <D] dB % <D   & 6#/: Ep( 2  ' 6(#s G  EV( 2  ( 6  "  A1$ 2  ^2 ) 6 "  * 6( 4 A2$ 2  ^2 + 6@ , 6$ WK A3$ 2  ^2 - 6]K . 6  1  54 2 ^2 / 6  * RB 1@ s *D36    RB 3@ s *D 4  BC]DEXF(  ]Ej1oQ?+qyl#0e@PW]@          5  BC]DEXF(  ]Ej1oQ?+qyl#0e@PW]@        6 jB 6 BZD3   jB 7 BZDjB 8 B6b,D>jB 9 BD =  : 65 [The Air Standard Otto Cycle (ideal cycle for petrol engines and some high speed CI engines)4\(2@ ; 6@   b1  2 isentropic compression 2  3 heat supply at constant volume 3  4 isentropic expansion 4  1 heat rejection at constant volume8 2u<3 3vB < ND8   rF P` ?  Z f2 @ 6 e2Uf A 6ZiG P~2 B N v @j~ C  NBK C DEFBff1((S;ws!Qq07r>  N    {K L  ! e ; y A    U g RIJxT6X( @             `59~ D  NBK C DEFBff1((S;ws!Qq07r>  N    {K L  ! e ; y A    U g RIJxT6X( @             `("d~ E  NBK C DEFBff1((S;ws!Qq07r>  N    {K L  ! e ; y A    U g RIJxT6X( @             `,K~ F  NBK C DEFBff1((S;ws!Qq07r>  N    {K L  ! e ; y A    U g RIJxT6X( @             `o~~ G  NBK C DEFBff1((S;ws!Qq07r>  N    {K L  ! e ; y A    U g RIJxT6X( @             `5R~ H  NBK C DEFBff1((S;ws!Qq07r>  N    {K L  ! e ; y A    U g RIJxT6X( @             `f~ I  NBK C DEFBff1((S;ws!Qq07r>  N    {K L  ! e ; y A    U g RIJxT6X( @             `f~ J  NBK C DEFBff1((S;ws!Qq07r>  N    {K L  ! e ; y A    U g RIJxT6X( @             `f~ K  NBK C DEFBff1((S;ws!Qq07r>  N    {K L  ! e ; y A    U g RIJxT6X( @             `~=~ L  NBK C DEFBff1((S;ws!Qq07r>  N    {K L  ! e ; y A    U g RIJxT6X( @             `u~ M  NBK C DEFBff1((S;ws!Qq07r>  N    {K L  ! e ; y A    U g RIJxT6X( @             `P`H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +0@ //H\0 /( ~ R  s *  hL    # Lb "N       B  TD P `2  0 @P `2  0  `B  0D P `B   0DP P N        B  TDP  `2  B 0` P `2  B 0  `B  0DP  `B B 0DPP  hL p # Y  N  P    p`2  0 P `2  0 @P B  TD `B  0D `B  0DP P N  P   p `2  0 P `2  0 @P B  TD `B  0D `B  0DP P *F  >     > r  B2 @ > Z2  s *  RB  s *Do RB ! s *Do XB # 0Do  dB $ <D] dB % <D   & 6!/: Ep( 2  ' 6L%s G  EV( 2  ( 6t) "  A1$ 2  ^2 ) 6 "  * 6-4 A2$ 2  ^2 + 6@ , 61WK A3$ 2  ^2 - 6]K . 65  1  54 2 ^2 / 6  * RB 1@ s *D36    RB 3@ s *D 4  BC]DEXF(  ]Ej1oQ?+qyl#0e@PW]@          5  BC]DEXF(  ]Ej1oQ?+qyl#0e@PW]@        6 jB 6 BZD3   jB 7 BZDjB 8 B6b,D>jB 9 BD =  : 6`;5 [The Air Standard Otto Cycle (ideal cycle for petrol engines and some high speed CI engines)4\(2@ ; 6dA@   b1  2 isentropic compression 2  3 heat supply at constant volume 3  4 isentropic expansion 4  1 heat rejection at constant volume8 2u<3 3vB < ND   rF P` N  Z f2 O 6 e2Uf P 6ZiG P~2 Q N v @j~ R  NBK C DEFBff1((S;ws!Qq07r>  N    {K L  ! e ; y A    U g RIJxT6X( @             `59~ S  NBK C DEFBff1((S;ws!Qq07r>  N    {K L  ! e ; y A    U g RIJxT6X( @             `("d~ T  NBK C DEFBff1((S;ws!Qq07r>  N    {K L  ! e ; y A    U g RIJxT6X( @             `,K~ U  NBK C DEFBff1((S;ws!Qq07r>  N    {K L  ! e ; y A    U g RIJxT6X( @             `o~~ V  NBK C DEFBff1((S;ws!Qq07r>  N    {K L  ! e ; y A    U g RIJxT6X( @             `5R~ W  NBK C DEFBff1((S;ws!Qq07r>  N    {K L  ! e ; y A    U g RIJxT6X( @             `f~ X  NBK C DEFBff1((S;ws!Qq07r>  N    {K L  ! e ; y A    U g RIJxT6X( @             `f~ Y  NBK C DEFBff1((S;ws!Qq07r>  N    {K L  ! e ; y A    U g RIJxT6X( @             `f~ Z  NBK C DEFBff1((S;ws!Qq07r>  N    {K L  ! e ; y A    U g RIJxT6X( @             `~=~ [  NBK C DEFBff1((S;ws!Qq07r>  N    {K L  ! e ; y A    U g RIJxT6X( @             `u~ \  NBK C DEFBff1((S;ws!Qq07r>  N    {K L  ! e ; y A    U g RIJxT6X( @             `P`H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +0 //HM0 /(  R  s *  hL    # Lb "N       B  TD P `2  0 @P `2  0  `B  0D P `B   0DP P N        B  TDP  `2  B 0` P `2  B 0  `B  0DP  `B B 0DPP  hL p # Y  N  P    p`2  0 P `2  0 @P B  TD `B  0D `B  0DP P N  P   p `2  0 P `2  0 @P B  TD `B  0D `B  0DP P *F  >     > r  B2 @ > Z2  s *  RB  s *Do RB ! s *Do XB # 0Do  dB $ <D] dB % <D   & 6Y/: Ep( 2  ' 6]s G  EV( 2  ( 6b "  A1$ 2  ^2 ) 6 "  * 6e4 A2$ 2  ^2 + 6@ , 6iWK A3$ 2  ^2 - 6]K . 6m  1  54 2 ^2 / 6  * RB 1@ s *D36    RB 3@ s *D 4  BC]DEXF(  ]Ej1oQ?+qyl#0e@PW]@          5  BC]DEXF(  ]Ej1oQ?+qyl#0e@PW]@        6 jB 6 BZD3   jB 7 BZDjB 8 B6b,D>jB 9 BD =  : 64s5 [The Air Standard Otto Cycle (ideal cycle for petrol engines and some high speed CI engines)4\(2@ ; 68y@   b1  2 isentropic compression 2  3 heat supply at constant volume 3  4 isentropic expansion 4  1 heat rejection at constant volume8 2u<3 3vB < ND   rF P` ?  Z f2 @ 6 e2Uf A 6ZiG P~2 B N v @j~ C  NBK C DEFBff1((S;ws!Qq07r>  N    {K L  ! e ; y A    U g RIJxT6X( @             `59~ D  NBK C DEFBff1((S;ws!Qq07r>  N    {K L  ! e ; y A    U g RIJxT6X( @             `("d~ E  NBK C DEFBff1((S;ws!Qq07r>  N    {K L  ! e ; y A    U g RIJxT6X( @             `,K~ F  NBK C DEFBff1((S;ws!Qq07r>  N    {K L  ! e ; y A    U g RIJxT6X( @             `o~~ G  NBK C DEFBff1((S;ws!Qq07r>  N    {K L  ! e ; y A    U g RIJxT6X( @             `5R~ H  NBK C DEFBff1((S;ws!Qq07r>  N    {K L  ! e ; y A    U g RIJxT6X( @             `f~ I  NBK C DEFBff1((S;ws!Qq07r>  N    {K L  ! e ; y A    U g RIJxT6X( @             `f~ J  NBK C DEFBff1((S;ws!Qq07r>  N    {K L  ! e ; y A    U g RIJxT6X( @             `f~ K  NBK C DEFBff1((S;ws!Qq07r>  N    {K L  ! e ; y A    U g RIJxT6X( @             `~=~ L  NBK C DEFBff1((S;ws!Qq07r>  N    {K L  ! e ; y A    U g RIJxT6X( @             `u~ M  NBK C DEFBff1((S;ws!Qq07r>  N    {K L  ! e ; y A    U g RIJxT6X( @             `P`H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +r@ y9H(  R  s *  hL    # Lb "N       B  TD P `2  0 @P `2  0  `B  0D P `B   0DP P N        B  TDP  `2  B 0` P `2  B 0  `B  0DP  `B B 0DPP  hL p # Y  N  P    p`2  0 P `2  0 @P B  TD `B  0D `B  0DP P N  P   p `2  0 P `2  0 @P B  TD `B  0D `B  0DP P *F  >     > r  B2 @ > Z2  s *  RB  s *Do RB ! s *Do RB " s *Do  ^B # 6D] ^B $ 6D   % 0/: Ep( 2  & 00s G  EV( 2  ' 0X "  A1$ 2  X2 ( 0 "  ) 04 A2$ 2  X2 * 0@ + 0|WK A3$ 2  X2 , 0]K - 0Ȧ  1  54 2 X2 . 0  * LB /@ c $D6    LB 0@ c $D 1  BC]DEXF(3  ]Ej1oQ?+qyl#0e@PW]@          2  BC]DEXF(  ]Ej1oQ?+qyl#0e@PW]@        6 dB 3 <ZD   dB 4 <ZDdB 5 <6b,D>dB 6 <D3 =   7 05 [The Air Standard Otto Cycle (ideal cycle for petrol engines and some high speed CI engines)4\(2@ 8 0@   b1  2 isentropic compression 2  3 heat supply at constant volume 3  4 isentropic expansion 4  1 heat rejection at constant volume4 23 pB 9 HD   H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +r }3 q)HfW=e@5/Nlm%ODSǵZ'b<;G& 0 Oh+'0Q `h  No Slide Titlegcnsidegcnside125Microsoft PowerPointP@;9Q@@<&p@ (wGPg  P('& &&#TNPP`2OMi & TNPP &&TNPP     'A x(xʦ """)))UUUMMMBBB999|PP3f3333f333ff3fffff3f3f̙f3333f3333333333f3333333f3f33ff3f3f3f3333f3333333f3̙33333f333ff3ffffff3f33f3ff3f3f3ffff3fffffffff3fffffff3f̙ffff3ff333f3ff33fff33f3ff̙3f3f3333f333ff3fffff̙̙3̙f̙̙̙3f̙3f3f3333f333ff3fffff3f3f̙3ffffffffff!___www 𼼼𼼼&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&ݒ__eϼ_ݼݶݼ ݼݼ޼ݼݼݼݼⴻݺ ݻⴳռݴⴻݻܻ܋␳⭳ݴ ⻻ "--&TNPP & ՜.+,D՜.+,l(    On-screen Show -s1]  #Times New RomanArialDefault DesignPowerPoint PresentationPowerPoint PresentationPowerPoint PresentationPowerPoint PresentationPowerPoint PresentationPowerPoint PresentationPowerPoint PresentationPowerPoint PresentationPowerPoint PresentationPowerPoint PresentationPowerPoint PresentationPowerPoint PresentationPowerPoint PresentationPowerPoint PresentationPowerPoint PresentationPowerPoint PresentationPowerPoint PresentationPowerPoint PresentationPowerPoint PresentationPowerPoint PresentationPowerPoint PresentationPowerPoint PresentationPowerPoint PresentationPowerPoint PresentationPowerPoint PresentationPowerPoint PresentationPowerPoint PresentationPowerPoint PresentationPowerPoint PresentationPowerPoint PresentationPowerPoint PresentationPowerPoint Presentation  Fonts UsedDesign Template Slide Titles  8@ _PID_HLINKSAhhttp://www.gcns.ac.uk/_Y gcnsgcns  !"#$%&'()+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~      !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~      !"#$%&'()*+,-./123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXZ[\]^_`bcdefghoRoot EntrydO)PicturesRCurrent UseraSummaryInformation(0QPowerPoint Document(*} DocumentSummaryInformation8YRoot EntrydO)"}s@PicturesRCurrent User/SummaryInformation(0Q      !"#$%&'()*+,-./123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXZ[\]^_`o_Y Cube1Cube1