The present book is a compilation of the thermodynamic properties of steam at supercritical pressures. Four properties – specific volume, internal energy, enthalpy and entropy are tabulated as functions of pressure and temperature. Properties were computed based on IAPWS Industrial Formulation 1997.
The introductory section of the book provides a previously unpublished equation for the pseudocritical temperature, based on the author's own research that helps to distinguish between liquid-like and vapor-like steam.
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By waynson ray
Jul 27, 2009
# One can already purchase simple-cycle combustion turbines achieving 46% thermal efficiency 1Y0-259 exam. # These are internal-combustion units running on open cycles, requiring neither hot-side nor cold-side heat exchangers. # A turbine using inert gas as a working fluid is not internal combustion, by definition. The source of heat must be something outside the fluid 642-515 exam. If the heat source is combustion, this requires a hot-side heat exchanger. This is an unnecessary capital expense. # Preserving the inert working fluid against loss requires a cold-side heat exchanger SY0-101 exam. This is another unnecessary capital expense for a combustion system. # Reducing the operating temperature from ~1100°C to ~800°C would also reduce the thermal efficiency. If the heat source is combustion, this increases fuel costs. We can see from a relatively simple analysis that today's absence of inert-gas turbine generators has nothing to do with technical feasibility. It is soley a... More > matter of economics. How does a nuclear heat source change the economics? Comparing to the points above: 1. One cannot buy a steam turbine operating at 650°C and higher temperatures RH202 exam. The most feasible option for taking advantage of the high temperature of molten-salt and pebble-bed reactors is gas turbines. 2. The hot-side heat exchanger is either inherent (in a gas-cooled reactor) or required to separate the nuclear materials and the working fluid (molten-salt reactor). 3. Nuclear plants do not chemically modify the working fluid of their heat engines, so are the equivalent of "external combustion". 4. The cold-side heat exchanger is required (like the condenser in a steam turbine). 5. The reduced operating temperature is a given, set by the nuclear heat source. 6. Since the gas turbine can operate at a higher source temperature than a steam turbine and can thus achieve greater thermal efficiency 642-453 exam, it improves the return on the capital investment in the rest of the plant. This reduces costs relative to revenue.< Less
