Scientific approach to an absolute chronology through synchronisms dated by astronomy

“Chronology is the backbone of history” is usually taught in schools but in the same time the first fall of Babylon is currently fixed either in 1595 BCE “Middle Chronology” (sic) or in 1651, 1531 and 1499 BCE! Such a difference in timeline prevents one from reaching the historical truth. It is for this reason that from Herodotus, Greek historians gradually established a system of scientific dating in order to write a universal history. Many astronomical phenomena observed and described by Babylonian astrologers enable anyone to anchor them on absolute dates. The Mesopotamian royal lists give a complete chronology of kings dating back to King Sargon of Akkad (2243-2187). The numerous synchronisms between the Assyrian and Babylonian reigns, as well as the presence during these reigns of several lunar eclipses, precisely dated by astronomy, make it possible to reconstitute an absolute chronology that serves as the backbone to anchor all the chronologies of the ancient kingdoms of the Middle East.