This book explores the ecological impact of infrastructure through the lens of China’s Belt and Road Initiative. Understanding the impacts of infrastructure on the environment is a crucial foundation for a sustainable life on earth. Here we follow the world’s biggest infrastructure project along its routes and explore the ecosystems through which they will pass, and the possible negative consequences which may follow. We welcome you to join us on a journey along the Belt and Road, to meet the unique species and ecosystems that make up the landscapes that support it.