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modern pacemakers are technological marvels that provide electrical impulses when the natural pacing or conducting properties within the heart fails. they are indicated for patients with various disorders of automaticity and conductivity. there are various classifications of pacemakers based on their function, duration of use, and a number of chambers paced. Based on the functional significance, pacemakers can be divided into Fixed pacemakers and Demand pacemakers. Fixed pacemakers are the old generation of pacemakers with minimal programming options. Here, the pacemaker ¬res impulses to the designated chamber at a fixed rate irrespective of the patient’s innate cardiac activity. In normal human beings, this mod of pacing is dangerous as the pacemaker can pace at inappropriately faster rates. is pacing mode may also initiate impulses at inappropriate timing within the cardiac cycle (e.g. on the downslope of T wave) and generate dangerous arrhythmia. is limited functionality provides limited use for this type of pacemakers in the real world. read more