The Synthesis of Elements 107-118

Peter Armbruster, Sigurd Hoffmann, Victor Ninov, and Gottfried Münzenberg worked in Darmstadt, a city in Hesse, Germany. In Darmstadt, the following elements were synthesized: Bohrium (107), Hassium (108), Meitnerium (109), Darmstadtium (110), Roentgenium (111), and Copernicium (112). Element 113 was synthesized by a Japanese team at Riken in Wakô, Japan. They called it Nihonium in honor of their country. The remaining elements were synthesized at Dubna, Russia, by Russian and American scientists. They are Flerovium (114), Muscovium (115), Livermorium (116), Tennessine (117), and Oganesson (118).