Microparticles and nanoparticles based vaccine/antigen carriers in fish

Fish vaccinology faces similar problems that are encountered in vaccine design for human and mammals, as they are considered to be very important in reducing economic losses in pisciculture caused due to diseases. For some diseases, vaccine developments are required as protection levels are still inadequate. The key to solve this challenge might lie in the designing more efficacious vaccine delivery systems and adjuvants. However, there is a paucity of published information on adjuvants/antigen carriers for fishes. This promoted to write a book on different microparticles, nanoparticles and liposome based antigen carriers for fish.