AL CHEMISTRY NATIONAL EXAMS AND MARKING SCHEMES 2001 to 2021

To respond to numerous modern challenges, chemistry is evolving in new directions to design “greener” plastics and fuels, monitor atmosphere and oceans to model global warming, determine our genetic makeup to treat disease, and synthesize nanomaterials with revolutionary properties, among many others. Nevertheless, as the applications change, the basic concepts of chemistry still form the essence of the course. The mass laws and the mole concept still apply to the amounts of substances involved in a reaction. Atomic properties, and the periodic trends and types of bonding derived from them, still determine molecular structure, which in turn still governs the forces between molecules and the resulting physical behavior of substances and mixtures. And the central concepts of kinetics, equilibrium, and thermodynamics still account for the dynamic aspects of chemical change. The challenge for a modern text surveying this enormous field is to present the core concepts of chemistry clearly and show how they apply to current practice. The first edition of COLLECTION OF ADVANCED LEVEL CHEMISTRY NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS AND THEIR MARKING SCHEMES will evolve important ways to meet this challenge.