Gold Open Access 2016-2021: Articles in Journals (GOA7)

Serious gold open access, as published in journals in the Directory of Open Access Journals as of January 1, 2022, accounted for more than 1.27 million articles in 2021, and possibly as much as $1.75 billion in author-side fees. While 68% of the journals had no fees (sometimes called "diamond" or "platinum" OA), 69% of the articles appeared in fee-based journals. This study, the seventh in a SPARC-supported series, shows the details of OA in 2021 and earlier.