从伦理学到法哲学的世俗演化 The Secular Evolution from Ethics to Legal Philosophy

斯宾诺莎是个犹太教徒，虽然已经叛教了，但世界观已经定型，无法改变了。理解斯宾诺莎的伦理学，不能脱离这个“叛教”背景。类似的是，孟德斯鸠虽然是个天主教徒，但他已经自由化了，等于也是叛教了；只是他的世界观也已经定型，无法改变了——理解孟德斯鸠的法学，也不能脱离这个基本的“叛教”背景。在我看来，孟德斯鸠主张的信仰自由就是没有信仰，斯宾诺莎的虚化上帝就是否认上帝。所以我说，从斯宾诺莎到孟德斯鸠，显示了一个共同的世俗演化，尽管那是体现在不同的领域——也就是“从伦理学到法哲学的世俗演化”。 Executive summary Spinoza was a Jew, and although he was apostatized, his worldview was stereotyped and could not be changed. Understanding Spinoza's ethics cannot be separated from this "apostasy" context. Similarly, although Montesquieu was a Catholic, he was liberalized, which is tantamount to apostasy; It's just that his worldview is also stereotyped and cannot be changed - understanding Montesquieu's jurisprudence cannot be separated from this basic "apostasy" background. In my opinion, Montesquieu's claim for freedom of belief is the absence of faith, and Spinoza's false God is the denial of God. So I say that from Spinoza to Montesquieu, there is a common secular evolution, although it is reflected in different fields—that is, "secular evolution from ethics to philosophy of law."