Published in 1920, Communism and Christianism is a provocative and ideologically charged work by William Montgomery Brown, a former Episcopal bishop who became a vocal advocate for Marxist socialism. In this book, Brown presents a sweeping critique of both capitalism and traditional Christianity, arguing that they are mutually reinforcing systems of exploitation and oppression. The book is divided into two main parts. In the first, Brown outlines the principles of Marxian socialism, which he views as a scientific and naturalistic response to the injustices of capitalist society. He emphasizes the need for a classless social order and contends that true human emancipation can only be achieved through the abolition of private property and the restructuring of economic relations. In the second part, Brown turns his attention to Christianity, which he characterizes as a supernaturalistic and outdated belief system. He argues that Christianity, particularly in its institutional forms, has historically served the interests of the ruling class by promoting obedience, charity, and other-worldly salvation rather than social justice. Brown calls for the rejection of theism and the embrace of a secular, materialist worldview grounded in science and social equality. Communism and Christianism was controversial in its time, not only for its political content but also for its religious implications. Brown was ultimately tried for heresy and removed from his position in the Episcopal Church—the first American bishop to be deposed for doctrinal reasons since the founding of the church in the United States.