Illusionism in Architecture

Optical illusions have appealed to the mind of spectators throughout history, and have had great impact when combined with architectural elements. Illusionary methods have been used by artists and architects since antiquity, but only during the Renaissance were they scientifically analysed to produce the techniques of perspective, anamorphosis, and their integration with trompe l’oeil. This paper is a study of these methods employed by artists and architects, focusing on the invention and evolution of the technique of anamorphosis from its birth during the Italian Renaissance. By analysing a compilation of early and contemporary cases of architectural illusionism in two and three dimensions, the methods used to manipulate observers’ perceptions are explored in detail. By reintroducing these techniques of the past into contemporary practice they can prove very beneficial by producing enhancing spaces when spatial or economic restraints must be overcome.