If intelligence is information that has undergone an analytic process, then open-source intelligence (OSINT) refers to publicly accessible data subjected to the same analytical procedures. However, if you have been under the misconception that intelligence information comes from covert operatives and hidden listening devices, then this book is essential because it will clarify that fallacy. In this fourth installment of the “Espionage Black Book” series of technical monographs on intelligence tradecraft, Dr. Henry Prunckun explains what open-source intelligence is, its historical use, and why this methodological approach is widely adopted by militaries, national security agencies, law enforcement, businesses, and non-government organizations. Dr. Prunckun discusses how open-source intelligence is collected and how this data is validated to eliminate misinformation and disinformation. He also addresses key analytical methods used to transform raw information into finished intelligence and provides examples of report types. Finally, “Espionage Black Book Four” explores the ethical considerations for those who work with open-source intelligence.