The movement gained support during the 1930s, especially among students, parts of the rural population, and some intellectuals. Its members believed they were engaged in a spiritual and political struggle to "purify" Romania. The Iron Guard became known for political violence, including assassinations of government officials and opponents. After Codreanu was arrested and killed in 1938, leadership passed to Horia Sima. In 1940, the Iron Guard briefly shared power with General Ion Antonescu in the National Legionary State. During this period, Iron Guard members participated in persecution of Jews and were responsible for violent attacks, including the 1941 Bucharest pogrom.