Some forty years ago, in an economic context of euphoria and indifference towards Nature, the first major warning signs of the degradation of the Earth's ecosystems - a growing threat to humanity - caused an explosion of environmental consciousness at the global level. The environmental tsunami among international opinion has had a resounding impact: a real international environmental policy is then set in motion given the highly strategic and cross-border nature of the issue. But significant political and economic obstacles still stand as impregnable towers for ecological emergency, which inevitably leads to an anthill of ideas, controversies and perspectives on the ideal management of the planet's resources. This small book reports on this process.