In mining, the greatest threat to capital is rarely geological uncertainty itself. It is the premature conversion of geological confidence into irreversible financial commitment. When Resource Optimism Becomes Capital Risk examines one of the most persistent and costly patterns in the resource industry: how early technical optimism can migrate through studies, valuations, and executive decisions until uncertainty is no longer managed—but embedded in capital. Drawing from mining project development, capital allocation, portfolio management, and decision science, this book provides a rigorous framework for understanding why technically sophisticated organizations still commit capital too early, too aggressively, and too confidently. Rather than focusing solely on geological estimation or project economics, the book addresses the deeper challenge: governance. It explores how optimism becomes institutionalized, how sensitivity analysis can conceal rather than reveal downside, and how portfolio concentration can transform project-level uncertainty into systemic corporate risk. Through practical frameworks, decision tools, and real-world case analyses, readers will learn how to: • Identify the structural pathways through which optimism enters capital decisions • Recognize governance failures before they become financial losses • Design sanction gates that test assumptions rather than validate momentum • Evaluate correlated downside across projects and portfolios • Build organizations that preserve optimism while enforcing discipline Written for mining executives, technical leaders, investment committees, board members, and capital allocators, this book offers a disciplined approach to one of the industry's oldest challenges: Ensuring that capital is committed only when confidence has truly been earned. For organizations operating where uncertainty cannot be eliminated, only governed, this is an essential guide.