Grade Level Retention: A Handbook for Educators

This book is intended to provide educators, parents, and legislators with a research based description of related research as it pertains to the promotion and retention of elementary school students in the United States. This review of research begins with the historical perspective of retention and concludes with alternative suggestions to social promotion and retention. The accountability movement, national retention rates, characteristics of retained students, perspectives of retention, effects of retention, and legal issues regarding student retention are also included.