Quantum Entanglement

In my last book, “Electricity & Magnetism”, two conclusions stood out; the rotary nature of magnetism compared with the linear translation of electricity; and the dependence of ferromagnetism on entanglement of electrons with the same quantum spin states. This book takes a closer look at quantum entanglement. Entanglement occurs between valence electrons with the same quantum spin states creating non-polar (valence) bonds. Entanglement also occurs between electrons with the same quantum spin states in materials in a magnetic field, creating various types of magnetism depending on the structure of the atomic lattice of the material. It has also been demonstrated that quantum entanglement occurs at a distance between electrons, photons, top quarks, and molecules. Part I describes the development of the current theory of the spin of the electron. Part II describes the development of the theory of how entanglement between electrons with the same quantum spin states result in exchange interaction. Part III addresses the quantum theory of the susceptibility of materials to a magnetic field and the resulting types of magnetism. Part IV describes quantum entanglement at a distance between electrons and other particles with the same quantum spin states. The Second Edition includes descriptions of the Schrödinger equation and quantum superposition on pages 304-7. It also includes a paper, [(2015). Mari, A., De Palma, D. & Giovannetti, V. Experiments testing macroscopic quantum superpositions must be slow.], which considered a thought experiment where the preparation of a macroscopically massive or charged particle in a quantum superposition and the associated dynamics of a distant test particle apparently allowed for superluminal communication and concluded that macroscopic quantum substitutions must be slow.