This book contains six chapters. The first chapter deals with human languages in general, the concept and definition of language, the origin of dialects and the development history of linguistic studies in the field of philology and linguistics. It also presents the theories of the origin of language. The second chapter reviews the methods used to classify human languages into groups and factions. The third chapter is devoted to define the Sumerian and the Akkadian (Assyrian and Babylonian) languages and the stages of their historical development. The fourth chapter deals with cuneiform writing and the development of the writing art in Mesopotamia through its various historical stages. In the fifth chapter, the author reviews the efforts of orientalists and researchers in deciphering cuneiform and reading the codes on tablets that were discovered in Mesopotamia and the rest of the Middle East. The sixth chapter includes examples of literary texts for Akkadians (Babylonians and Assyrians) with presentation of the genesis myth (the myth of creation) "Enuma Eilish", the Epic of "Gilgamesh" and the Descent of Ishtar to the Underworld, the story of Adapa, the myth of Etana and the myth of the Anzo bird, as well as examples of wisdom, ancient proverbs and texts from the literature of dialogue, elegies, prayers, lamentations, supplications etc. ((Note: The contents of this book is entirely in the modern Assyrian language))