This book examines the scientific and medical evidence to determine whether the conventional story of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki can be true. It concludes that 1. no nuclear detonations took place, 2. the cities were destroyed with conventional explosives and napalm, 3. the victims were killed not with radiation but with mustard gas, and also with napalm. While most of the book deals with the medical and the physical evidence, the final two chapters also examine the wider historic and political implications. A free online version of the book can be found at mpalmer.heresy.is/webnotes/HR. This printed version is intended simply for the benefit of those readers who prefer paper books.